That isn't that muchabout the equivalent We avoid using tertiary references. The American Heart Association advises men to get no more than 150 calories from added sugar per day and women to get no more than 100 calories. Get the best food tips and diet advice every single day, Now, you'll have the best and latest food and healthy eating news right in your inboxevery (2018, January), Harris, J. L., Schwartz, M. B., Ustjanauskas, A., Ohri-Vachaspati, P., & Brownell, K. D. (2011, January). Sugar is a simple carbohydrate that belongs to a class of chemically related sweet-tasting substances. (2016, May), Basic report: 08045 cereals ready-to-eat, General Mills, Honey Nut Cheerios. In March 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) published new guidelines recommending that adults and children reduce their intake of added sugars to less than 10 percent of their total energy intake. A 2020 study shows a link between stigma to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and distress. Limit these foods, in order of importance: Drink water instead of soda or juices and dont add sugar to your coffee or tea. Once you start to curb your sweet cravings and limit your consumption of sugar, you'll start to see a difference in your workouts and feel stronger. 5. But, if theres too much, the liver In one University of Illinois study, mice that were fed a diet that mimicked the standard American dieti.e., one that was about 18 percent added sugarsgained more body fat even though they weren't fed more calories. Keep in mind that the actual caffeine content in beverages varies widely, especially among energy drinks. Whats the Difference Between Sugar Free and No Added Sugar? If youre addicted to sugar, perhaps you may want to consider avoiding it completely, limit your intake of highly processed foods, 8 Healthy Sugars and Sweeteners That May Be Harmful, Eating Excess Sugar Is Worse for You During COVID-19: 6 Ways to Cut It, 13 Simple Ways to Stop Eating Lots of Sugar. (2018, January), Full report (all nutrients): 45254825, Hershey's, milk chocolate, UPC: 768395483289. First, too much sugar does not "cause" diabetes. (2018, January), Full report (all nutrients): 45310598, Gmills Reeses Puffs sweet crunchy corn puffs crl, unprepared. While experts say that severe acne has nothing to do with diet for the vast majority of people, some studies have linked breakouts to eating too many sugary foods. In general, its best to avoid added sugars when possible because they do not contain beneficial nutrients. See our editorial policies and staff. WebJust like kids, they will eat all the extra sugar they can if you give it too them. Cereal advertising aimed at children increased by 34 percent between 2008 and 2011. The Best Diets for Cognitive Fitness, is yours absolutely FREE when you sign up to receive Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School. This adds up to around 60 pounds of added sugar consumed annually thats six, 10-pound bowling balls, folks! They found a link between sugar consumption and 45 health outcomes, which included heart disease, diabetes, obesity, asthma, depression, certain cancers, and death. 16 Subtle Symptoms You're Eating Too Much Sugar - Eat Carbs impact glucose levels just like forms of sugar do. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We avoid using tertiary references. In June 2012, researchers from Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity suggested that even though some cereals aimed at children had become more nutritious, cereal companies had increased their advertising spending considerably. Research suggests that sugar consumption may increase your risk for, The average resting heart rate is usually between 60 and 80 beats per minute, but some athletes have resting heart rates considerably lower. All rights reserved. Written by American Heart Association editorial staff and reviewed by science and medicine advisors. Try sugar-free sweeteners like stevia or monk fruit extract. A study published in Circulation, the journal of the AHA, identified a link between drinking more than one can of soda a day and an increased risk of developing heart disease and diabetes. That is over double the amount recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA), which is 9 teaspoons per day for men and 6 teaspoons for women. Brunton SA. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Regardless of the type, your body breaks down these sugars into glucose, your body's preferred form of energy. The most recent dietary guidelines recommend 16 Subtle Signs You're Eating Too Much Sugar, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 21 Best Healthy Cooking Hacks of All Time. For example, honey is simply called sugar if eaten on its own. The new Nutrition Facts label can help you compare and choose foods that are lower in added sugars. 1-800-242-8721 You and your diabetes care team should discuss your situation, including your history of managing your blood sugar levels, to determine how much sugar you can eat in a typical day. The good news is that the added-sugar message is breaking through, and many American adults crave a change. "We're finding out more all the time about the negative health effects of too much insulin in our bloodstreams," says Ansel. There's no way you're eating too much sugar, right? Chocolate bars, sweet cereals, and soda often contain high levels of added sugar. These sweeteners are generally recognized as safe based on published research, a conclusion which has been reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The amount of sugar that is safe to eat per day may depend on your total caloric intake, activity l How Too Much Sugar Is Harmful in Pregnancy Cleveland Clinic Nutrition Facts Label From salt to sugar, the movement is on to regain control of what we put on the table. Frozen Fruit Sold at Target, Trader Joe's, and Walmart Recalled Due to Listeria Risk. Food manufacturers are required to list the amount of added sugars on the Nutrition Facts label by mid 2021 or earlier depending on the size of the company. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? Is Sugar in Yogurt Bad for You Rice cakes were a popular snack during the low fat craze of the 1980s but you may wonder whether you should still be eating them. "If you eat the bread basket before your meal, it will make you feel full initially, but by the time dinner rolls around you'll feel hungrier," she says. It might have the opposite effect shortly thereafter because sugar triggers the release of the neurotransmitter serotonin, which makes you feel relaxed and even sleepy, Ansel adds. The FDA has approved a new class of medication to treat type 2 diabetes in teens. Simple sugar alone moves to your bloodstream quickly, causing your body to spike the production of insulin to transfer glucose into your cells. But just like everything, moderation is key. Youll probably burn off these small amounts of sugar without them causing you any harm. (2016, May), Basic report: 19069, candies,Mars Snackfood US, Dove milk chocolate. Foods with fiber, healthy fatsand lean protein fill you up, so you have a better grasp on whether or not you really want that slice of bread. Sugar and artificially sweetened beverages linked to obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. What is a safe amount of sugar to eat per day? The good news, however, is that it will soon be required that food labels show added sugar. Excessive fructose, like too much of any added sugar, isnt healthy. So when blood sugar drops after a high-sugar meal, that can result in brain fog. These hidden sugars are in foods such as crackers, drinks, pasta sauces and even pizza. You're Thirsty And Moody Did you know that thirst is one of the signs of high blood sugar? How much sugar is OK for people with diabetes? Are Rice Cakes a Healthy Snack? To keep control of sugar levels, it can be helpful to know just how much sugar is in the most widely-available foods. People with diabetes need to be careful about how much sugar they consume. Fruit: What Happens When You Have Too Much? - WebMD Some preliminary research has suggested that a high-sugar diet raises your blood sugar, increasing free radicals and compounds that boost inflammation. They have 56 percent more sugar, half as much fiber, and 50 percent more sodium. Some studieshave linked sugars to mood disorders like depression. As a general guideline, she suggests limiting yourself to about two cups of whole fruit a day. Sugar is worse for your blood pressure than salt, according to a study in the journalOpen Heart. Too much fructose. For the review, researchers analyzed 67 observational studies and six randomized controlled trials detailing 83 health outcomes in adults and children. Sign up to get tips for living a healthy lifestyle, with ways to fight inflammation and improve cognitive health, plus the latest advances in preventative medicine, diet and exercise, pain relief, blood pressure and cholesterol management, andmore. A high-sugar diet has been shown to speed up skin aging. Blame and shame: The stigma of diabetes. Solution: Swap the soda for sparkling or mineral water infused with your favorite fruit and/or herbs, like watermelon and basil or blackberries and mint. The American Heart Association is a bit stricter and recommends no more than 9 teaspoons of added sugar per day for men and no more than 6 teaspoons of added sugar per day for women, said Nadeau. Mud runs: Dirty, challenging, next-level fun, Wildfires: How to cope when smoke affects air quality and health. Sugar: How much is too much? - Harvard Health How do processed foods affect your health? What is the appropriate upper limit for added sugars consumption? All rights reserved. Consuming too much sugar can make you gain weight in many ways, but the weirdest way is that it can reduce actual physical activity. } ); Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Here are 13 reasons why sugary soda is bad for your health. "You're also having peaks and dips in your blood sugar, which leads you to want to eat more.". More complex carbohydrates like pasta break down more slowly and deliver a steadier dose of sugar over time. Sugar is a carbohydrate in its simplest form. By race/ethnicity, the average intake of added sugars was 19 teaspoons for non-Hispanic Black adults, 17 teaspoons for (2017). Sugar They also found that consuming sugar was linked to an increased risk of cardiac issues including blood pressure, heart attack and stroke, and even certain cancers such as breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. Its no secret that added sugar isnt great for our bodies. (2016, May), Basic report: 08030, cereals ready-to-eat, Kellogg, Kellogg's Froot Loops. "If you have a candy bar at 4 p.m., you'll feel full for short while, but in a couple of hours you'll feel hungrier than if you had an apple," says Ansel. Monday - Friday: 7AM - 9PM CST Consider that one 12-ounce can of soda contains 8 teaspoons (32 grams) of added sugar! Unfortunately, theres no simple answer to this question. diabetesjournals.org/clinical/article/40/1/9/139318/Blame-and-Shame-The-Stigma-of-Diabetes, cdc.gov/diabetes/managing/eat-well/diabetes-and-carbohydrates.html, heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/nutrition-basics/carbohydrates, niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/diet-eating-physical-activity, cdc.gov/nutrition/data-statistics/added-sugars.html, diabeteseducator.org/docs/default-source/living-with-diabetes/tip-sheets/aade7/aade7_healthy_eating.pdf?sfvrsn=28888a58_22, diabetesjournals.org/care/article/43/11/2651/35761/Psychosocial-Moderators-of-the-Impact-of-Diabetes, hopkinsdiabetesinfo.org/carbohydrate-goals/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7146037/, cdc.gov/diabetes/prevent-type-2/guide-prevent-type2-diabetes.html, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5916235/, diabetesjournals.org/clinical/article/39/1/45/32080/Practical-Strategies-to-Help-Reduce-Added-Sugars, The 21 Best Snack Ideas If You Have Diabetes, 8 Lifestyle Tips to Help Reverse Prediabetes Naturally, Blood Sugar Level Charts for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, Understanding Your A1C: Frequently Asked Questions for Better Diabetes Management, The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that only, In the United States, that recommendation is. GTIN: 00016000473218. If you have diabetes, you dont have to resign yourself to a life without sugar. Fruits contain natural sugars that are less harmful than the sugar found in processed food. In addition to blood sugar swings, sugar can mess with the neurotransmitters in your brain that regulate your moods. Get the latest in health news delivered to your inbox! (2016, May), Basic report: 09040, Bananas, raw. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. We have solid research that consistently shows negative outcomes with excessive sugar intake.. In the U.S., breakfast cereals are among the most commonly consumed foods with high levels of added sugar. Even though cells need glucose to survive, consuming too much can cause health problems. WebMen should consume no more than 9 teaspoons (36 grams or 150 calories) of added sugar per day. Above all, make sure to always take a peek at the label. American kids consume 66 grams per day, equaling over 53 pounds of added sugar per year. There are many types of sugars, from maple syrup to high fructose corn syrup. "A bowl of strawberries is sweet on its own, but if you sprinkle sugar or Stevia on it, your baseline for sweet is so much higher than the fruit on its own," says Zeitlin. (2018, January), Full report (all nutrients): 45252078, Old Jamaica, Non-Alcoholic ginger beer, UPC: 858629001935. A new study found that early time-restricted feeding (eTRF) positively affected blood sugar for people with prediabetes. A single teaspoon of sugar is around 4 g. The AHA recommendation for daily added sugar intake, 6 teaspoons for women and 9 teaspoons for men, is equal to 24 g and 36 g of added sugar, respectively. 6. For now, your best defense is education. 2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK. Experts suggest lowering your intake of added sugars to around six teaspoons per day and limiting sugar-sweetened drinks to less than one serving each week. Natural, zero-calorie alternatives to sugar include stevia and monk fruit. Additionally, an animal study noted that sugar-fed rats lost more lean body mass and retained more fat mass than complex-carb-fed rats. Foods are sometimes lower or high in added sugar than you may think. That equates to 38 grams (10 teaspoons) for women on a 1,500-calorie diet or 50 grams (13 teaspoons) for men on a 2,000-calorie diet. If this is the case for you, a lot of people find it easier to avoid sugar altogether than having less of it, she says. It is available in many different forms. Over time, too much sugar ups your risk of obesity, increasing your risk of diabetes, and may even on its own increase your risk of conditions like certain cancers and chronic illnesses like heart disease, says Brigitte Zeitlin, MPH, RD, CDN. Sugar is often portrayed as a villain or main culprit when the topic of diabetes comes up. People with diabetes can eat food and drink beverages that contain sugar. However, current intake levels are still way too high and likely havent changed much since then. When sugar sits on your teeth, it feeds plaque bacteria that are already naturally there, producing acids that wear away at your tooth enamel (the hard surface of your teeth), which leads to cavities. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. "You might not wake up feeling as good, because your blood sugar dips during the night," says Ansel. 2023 by The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Do not sell my personal information | Privacy Policy. Some people can handle a little bit of sugar in their diet, while for others it causes cravings, binge eating, rapid weight gain, and disease. Eat a variety of foods, including vegetables, fruits, grains, and low fat dairy, to get the most nutritional bang for your buck. WebHow much sugar is too much? Pediatrics 127(1), High sugar consumption linked to obesity. Your whole bodyincluding your brainuses carbs, including sugar, as its main fuel source. "The worst is a combo of sugar and acid, which you get from sports drink or soda, since both destroy tooth enamel," says Ansel. According to Michigan State University, four grams of sugar is equal to one teaspoon. Type 2 diabetes has a varied and complicated set of risk factors, including diet, weight and body composition. (2016, May), Basic report: 08035 cereals ready-to-eat, General Mills, Golden Grahams. Of course, everyone is different. Because added sugar is so heavily linked to negative health outcomes, its smart to be mindful of how much youre eating. The excess consumption of added sugar is associated with a variety of preventable diseases (1). Even the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends limiting calories from added sugars to less than 10 percent of total calories per day (2). Another British Journal of Nutrition study found that for every sugar-sweetened beverage, therisk of developing hypertension increased eight percent. Be sure to stay vigilant and monitor your sugar intake. After a meal, you should technically feel full, but if you're in the habit of treating yourself to dessert every night your body becomes conditioned to want it," says Ansel. All figures below show naturally occurring sugar per 100 g serving. This is a detailed article about sugar alcohols and their health effects. Added sugars vs. natural sugars Big difference. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. "If you're struggling with breakouts and don't know why, it can be helpful to cut out added sugars in your diet," says Ansel. On the other hand, complex carbs (like whole grains, fruits, and veggies), healthy fats (like nuts and seeds), and lean protein (like fish and chicken) take your system longer to digest, keeping your blood sugar levels stable and you feeling fuller faster and for longer. Please note the date of last review or update on all articles. Excessive sugar intake is common. (2022). Weight gain, of course, happens when you eat too much of anything. Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The three P's of diabetes refer to the most common symptoms of the condition. The companies know how to make a range of good-tasting cereals that arent loaded with sugar and salt. (2016, May), Basic report: 08078 cereals ready-to-eat, General Mills, Trix. Last medically reviewed on June 10, 2021. Nadeau recommends the following lower-sugar alternatives: 1. Basic report: 09003, Apples, raw, with skin. Should You Peel Your Fruits and Vegetables? How much is too much You've finally kicked the ice-cream-after-dinner habit. 1-800-AHA-USA-1 This one's a no-brainer, but sugar is a major cause behind tooth decay, according to the American Dental Association. (2016, May), Basic report: 08089 cereals ready-to-eat, General Mills, Wheaties. The AHA says that added sugars contribute zero nutrients and are empty calories that can lead to extra pounds, or even obesity, thereby reducing heart health.. Added Sugars Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The term does not apply to the natural sugars found in fresh fruit, vegetables, or milk because there is no evidence linking these sugars to health problems. 2023 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. If you drink alcohol as a diabetic, here are seven facts that you need to know to ensure that you drink safely and responsibly. Well. Sign up now and get a FREE copy of theBest Diets for Cognitive Fitness. They recommend no more than one sugar-sweetened beverage a week. Naturally occurring sugars are absolutely fine, but the same does not apply to added sugar. Some people can eat a lot of sugar without harm, while others should avoid it as much as possible. To keep all of this in perspective, its helpful to remember the American Heart Associations recommendations for sugar intake. Hours Unauthorized use prohibited. Last medically reviewed on February 14, 2018, For an adult, clinically severe obesity, or morbid obesity, involves having a body mass index of 40 or over. Both beet and cane sugar are found in many foods, including sweets and sodas. Once you use honey to sweeten a product, whether it's yogurt or cookies, the honey is considered "added sugar." Check the label to see if foods are LOW or HIGH in added sugars. It increases the risk of several health, Adopting a no-sugar diet can benefit several aspects of a persons health. The Food and Drug Administration this week recommended that people eat no more than 12.5 teaspoons of sugar each day, or about 50 grams. The idea is to limit sugar consumption to 10 percent of a persons daily total calories. The sugar content of some of the following items may be higher than expected. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Every individual is unique, and you need to figure out what works for you. MyFitnessPal recommends around 50g of sugar daily. The numbers are even worse for children and young adults aged 2 19 years who consume 16 teaspoons of added sugar per day. Both the American Heart Association and World Health Organization are more conservative, recommending about 25 grams (6 teaspoons) per dayof added sugar for women and 36 grams (9 teaspoons) per day for men. Just a few weeks on a high-sucrose diet can increase both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Kimberley Rose-Francis RDN, CDCES, CNSC, LD, Many sweeteners are marketed as healthy alternatives to regular sugar, but some may do more harm than good. (2018, January), Full report (all nutrients): 45248494, M&M's, M&M's chocolate candies, UPC: 040000498746. What Are Sugar Alcohols, and Are They a Healthy Sugar Swap? The sugar can build up in your bloodstream, which can eventually damage your blood vessels and cause other complications. As a service to our readers, Harvard Health Publishing provides access to our library of archived content. Why is sugar an important factor for people with diabetes? Sugar cravings during pregnancy For a standard 2,000-calorie diet, thats approximately 200 calories. And if you're looking to make more changes, be sure to check out these 21 Best Healthy Cooking Hacks of All Time. However, if you have diabetes, your pancreas may not respond by producing enough (or any, in some cases) insulin to do the job. See additional information. Get the best food tips and diet advice Recommended blood sugar levels can help you know if your blood sugar is in a "normal" range. Here are 8 healthy sugars and sweeteners. This can vary, too, depending on what type of diabetes you have and any medications you take. Zeitlin says the best way to stabilize your blood sugar and mood is to eat more foods that take longer to digest, like whole grains, fiber, and protein. Swapping the cookie for an apple with a tablespoon of natural peanut butter will give you sustained energy to face down a 3 p.m. slump. They found evidence of significant harmful associations between eating high amounts of added sugar and metabolic/endocrine disorders including diabetes, gout, and obesity. Limiting sugar can make difference," says Ansel. Too much is bad for them. Drinking sugar is much worse than getting it from solid foods. In contrast, the US dietary guidelines advise people to limit their intake to less than 10% of their daily calorie intake. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. if( 'moc.sihttae.www' !== location.hostname.split('').reverse().join('') ) { Foods naturally high in fiber have a positive impactand people eating lots of sugar generally aren't eating a lot of fiber, says Ansel. Sugar: 10g Protein: 43g. Modern life is so fast-paced that it can be difficult to keep a healthy balance of nutrients in the food you eat. But, remember that maintaining a good relationship with food is important too, Nadeau explained. There are two main sources of sugar: natural and processed. give a Hummer too much sugar The key word is moderation, according to the Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists. (2016, May) Retrieved from, Basic report: 19254, candies, Nestle, Butterfinger bar. That means a limit of 7.5 teaspoons per day for a 2,000-calorie diet. "Too much white sugar won't help you if you're trying to promote healthy bacteria in your system," adds Zeitlin. Too Much Sugar Last medically reviewed on September 7, 2022. Drinking fizzy, sugary beverages can end up contributing most of your daily sugar intake. To find the best HbA1c test kits, we looked at cost, website use, and follow-up, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. (2021). That's roughly the amount of caffeine in four cups of brewed coffee, 10 cans of cola or two "energy shot" drinks. You can consider joining the American Diabetes Associations online support community or visit diaTribes dStigmatize page for more information and resources. Nutrition What Are the Benefits of Yogurt With Live Active Cultures? Being aware of the existing and added sugar content in foods and drinks is vital to overall health. They have several health benefits but can also cause digestive problems. While there are less harmful chocolate options, such as dark or raw chocolate, there is a wide range of chocolate bars available on the market and the sugar content varies between brands and products. } Knowing what to look for will keep you from consuming too much sugar. (2016, May), Basic report: 08014, cereals ready-to-eat, Kellogg, Kellogg's Cocoa Krispies. One of the reasons was that the mice traveled about 20 percent less in their little cages than mice that weren't fed the sugary diet. (2016, May), Basic report: 08069 cereals ready-to-eat, Kellogg, Kellogg's Frosted Flakes. Drinking soda and other sources of liquid sugar is highly fattening and unhealthy. If you feel like youre addicted to added sugar, consider avoiding it completely. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. These foods contain water, fiber, and various micronutrients. Here, we look at seven ways that these foods pose risks to health. In the same way that a smoker needs to avoid cigarettes completely, someone addicted to sugar may need to avoid sugar completely. Learn more about no-sugar diets. document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', function() { Its tempting to look to alternative sugars as a magical solution. Up to 400 milligrams (mg) of caffeine a day appears to be safe for most healthy adults. However, the American Heart Association advises limiting sugar to 6% of total calories per day. (2016, May), Basic report: 09266, Pineapples, raw, all varieties. High blood glucose can, While you should always talk with a doctor about your insulin needs, we can look at standards for diabetic treatment and give you an easy chart for. An after-dinner sugar habit can be one of the toughest diet pitfalls to kick. How Much Sugars, added sugars, and Sweeteners. A new study found that one in four people with diabetes have diabetic retinopathy, which an result in vision loss or blindness. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. However, the average American diet contains about 250 grams of carbs per day, and thats too high for most people with diabetes. Keep in mind that consuming fruit is part of a healthy and well-balanced diet and that the sugar in fruit has not demonstrated adverse affects on health. Everybody needs calories to survive. People are concerned about eating healthy, why not make sure the hummers are too. Consuming too much sugar, however, raises the risk of several dangerous health problems, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, increased pressure on the heart and blood vessels, and dental decay. This article provides several useful tricks to reduce your. (2018, January), Full report (all nutrients): 45083062, Shredded Wheat, spoon size Shredded Wheat, cereal, original, UPC: 884912029829. (2016, May), Consumption of added sugars among U.S. adults, 20052010. That's because too much dietary sugar reacts with proteins in your bloodstream and forms advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs), damaging the structural proteins in skin collagen and elastin that make your supple and bouncy.
What Percentage Of Veterans Have A Disability,
How To Make Tails Out Of Clay,
City Of Kentwood Property Tax Lookup,
What Does The Atf Do With Alcohol,
Articles H
