American military dead#^BF1, The reasons for the high human toll in Yugoslavia were as follows In addition, 247,000 Austrians lost their lives serving in the army of the Third Reich or were reported missing, and 24,000 civilians were killed during bombing" raids. The Soviet Role in World War II: Realities and Myths The Japanese interned 105,530 Dutch civilians in the East Indies, of whom 13,567 died. Saint-Petersburg, 1995; (Russian Academy of Sciences). 1992-6, Stephane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard Univ Pr, 1999. The Russian researcher L L Rybakovsky assumes that the source of Nikita Khrushchev's figure of 20 million war dead was the 1957 Soviet translation,(, 6.390 million exterminated; 2.8 million forced labor; 8.5 million famine and disease, 11.3 million exterminated; 3.0 forced labor; 6.5 million famine and disease, Lorimer's hypothetical figures, not an estimate, for territory in the 1939 borders put the total demographic loss at 20.0 million. Gurkha casualties can be broken down as: 8,985 killed or missing and 23,655 wounded. According to the College of Education of the University of South Florida "Approximately 11 million people were killed because of Nazi genocidal policy". Based on the pre-war birth rate, the population shortfall was about 20million births in 1946. [126] The Russian scholar Dmitri Volkogonov, writing at this, time estimated total war deaths at 2627,000,000, including 10,000,000 in the military. Ostarbeiters and POW in Third Reich and Their Repatriation) (Russian). Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warsaw 2009; Poland. How did the USSR recover from losing almost 27 million people during Reported deaths for the years 19391945 1,187,783, including: judicial executions 46,350; deaths in Gulag labor camps 718,804; deaths in labor colonies and prisons 422,629. (1947) The combined staff of the U.K., Canada and the U.S. prepared "A study of the employment of German manpower from 19331945". ^I China [115] But one of the most tragic figures comes from a Far Eastern republic of Yakutia and its small nation. Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. Russo-Finnish War | Summary, Combatants, & Facts | Britannica Military war dead reported by Rdiger Overmans of 261,000 are included with Germany. The names of individual U.S. military personnel killed in World War II can be found at the U.S. National Archives. 55, No. (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), Ishikida, Miki (2005). Total casualties were 668,315 including 299,485 dead, 24,010 missing and 344,820 injured. (1989); Gerhard Reichling, Die deutschen Vertriebenen in Zahlen, Teil 1, Bonn 1995 (revised ed), Christoph Bergner, Secretary of State of Germany's Bureau for Inner Affairs, outlines the stance of the respective governmental institutions in. in Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union Before 1991. Wars and Population. p. 157. The German military participated in many aspects of the Holocaust: in supporting Hitler, in the use of forced labor, and in the mass murder of Jews and other groups targeted by the Nazis. 10,066; Paramilitary 3,252; not indicated 45,078. Andreev EM; Darsky LE; Kharkova TL, Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes. Out of 60,000 Indian Army POWs taken at the Fall of Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity. Since casualty statistics are sometimes disputed the footnotes to this article present the different estimates by official governmental sources as well as historians. Filimoshin estimated 6% of the population in the occupied regions died due to war related famine and disease. (2005) The German government issued a report listing total war dead of 7,375,800 (3,100,000 soldiers killed; 1,200,000 soldiers missing; 500,000 civilians killed in bombing raids; 2,251,500 civilian victims of expulsions and deportations; 24,300 Austrian civilians killed and 300,000 victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. Civilians in Navy service 114,493 killed and 1,880 wounded and missing. There were 1,536 deaths among the 13,996 interned civilians in 194245. ^AH Malta 1,493 civilians were killed and 3,734 wounded during the Siege of Malta (World War II)[89] Maltese civilians killed during the siege are also included with U.K. civilian deaths by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. The U.S. Bureau of the Census noted that the official Yugoslav government figure of 1.7million war dead was overstated because it "was released soon after the war and was estimated without the benefit of a postwar census". (German government Statistical Office). [149] One of the worst one-day massacres during the German military occupation of Serbia was the Kragujevac massacre. (Victims of Two Dictatorships. 10 Countries With The Highest World War II Fatalities Soviet Union - 24,000,000 China - 19,500,000 Germany - 7,700,000 Poland - 5,600,000 Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) - 3,500,000 Japan - 2,850,000 India - 2,087,000 French Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) - 1,250,000 Yugoslavia - 1,000,000 Romania - 833,000 1. Bonin Islands: 2,700, 12,500, (15,200) In 1948 and 1949, Western allies flew vital supplies into West Berlin during the monthslong Soviet blockade of the city. This death toll was neither an accident nor an automatic result of the war. 19401959 [The Population of Russia in the 20thcentury: volume2], May Rocznik Statystyczny Polski 19391941, Since the Czech Republic as political entity exists only since 1969/1993, this political name stands for Czech part (. [264] [2] According to Russian government figures, USSR losses within postwar borders now stand at 26.6million,[3][4] including 8 to 9million due to famine and disease. Radiation Effects Research Foundation How many people died as a result of the atomic bombings? World War II Casualties by Country - World Population Review In January 1945, 930,000 were still in German camps. Costs of the war Killed, wounded, prisoners, or missing Learn about the horrible conditions of German and Soviet prisoners of war during World War II See all videos for this article The statistics on World War II casualties are inexact. The wartime draft age was 18. [107], (B) According to a Belarusian military historian, Doctor of History, professor V. Lemeshonok, the Belarusian military casualties, including partisans and underground group members, exceed 682,291. Germany reports. Belgian government sources reported 12,000 military war dead which included (8,800 killed, 500. 350,000 American women served in the Armed Forces during World WarII and 16 were killed in action. [256] Michael Haynes and Rumy Husun accept the figures from the Soviet archives as being an accurate tally of Stalin's victims, they maintain that the demographic data depicts an underdeveloped Soviet economy and the losses in World War Two rather than indicating a higher death toll in the Gulag labor camps. ^BF United States Both the Allies and Japanese also conscripted civilians to work as laborers and porters. Operation Barbarossa: Nazi Germany's War in the East, 19411945. pp. Lennart Lundberg Handelsflottan under andra vrldskriget, p. 9. [124] To suppress the partisan units the Nazi occupation forces engaged in a campaign of brutal reprisals against innocent civilians. Manchuria & USSR 7,483 killed and 4,641 wounded. (1960) The West German government issued figures of the war losses. Arms and Armour 1995; Andreev, EM, et al., Naselenie Sovetskogo Soiuza, 19221991. ): Legenden, Lgen, Vorurteile. "Bataan, Corregidor, and the Death March: In Retrospect", "go to note on Polish Casualties by Tadeusz Piotrowski at the bottom of the page", "Victims of the Nazi Regime-Database of Polish citizens repressed under the German Occupation", Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2013-2014, "Michael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War:a note-World War II- Europe Asia Studies, July 1994", "Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes", "Nazi persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War", "The extent of human losses USSR in the Great Patriotic War and Statistical Lynbrinth (in Russian)", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2014-2015, p. 38", "Cyprus Veterans Association World War II", "US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Casualties in World War II", "Mariners in "ocean-going service" during World War II have Veteran Status. "Christian Streit: Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen, 19411945, Bonn: Dietz (3. Civilian losses include 57,000 killed in bombing raids (40,000 Stalingrad and 17,000 Leningrad). Korol held that the official figures of Krivosheev were an attempt to cover up the disregard for human life by the military leaders under Stalin. ", ".. Russian demographer Rybakovsky found a wide range of estimates for total war dead. Battle of Stalingrad began exactly 80 years ago, on Aug. 23, 1942 - NPR The number of partisans escalated during the final insurrection of April 1945. [92], Military(Norwegian & Allied Forces) 2,000 (800 Army, 900 Navy and 100 Air). Excess civilian deaths in the Nazi occupied USSR were 13.7million persons including 2million Jews. Military dead were estimated with Soviet forces at 10,000 and 15,000 with German. Guo Rugui, editor-in-chief Huang Yuzhang Jiangsu People's Publishing House, 2005; Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 19311945 Transaction 2007, Gregory Frumkin. Deported from annexed territories 194041 380,000 to 390,000 persons, including: Poland 309312,000; Lithuania 17,500; Latvia 17,000; Estonia 6,000; Moldova 22,842. (1956) A German government study put German air war dead at 635,000; 500,000 killed by allied strategic bombing and 135,000 refugees killed during the evacuations from eastern Europe in 1945. The most notable of these is the Holocaust in which millions of Jews, Poles, and Romani were systematically murdered or died from abuse and mistreatment. This revised figure was the result of research by the committee set up by Gorbachev that estimated total war dead at between 26 and 27million. Christian Streit: Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen, 19411945, Bonn: Dietz (3. Long after the war, a myth persisted claiming the German military (or Wehrmacht) was not involved in the Holocaust and other crimes associated with Nazi genocidal policy. [130] The Soviet general staff put losses at 8,668,000 dead and missing, however the General Staffs figures were not published until 1993. by Konrad Adenauer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mikhalev maintains that they should not be deducted because were included in the Red Army strength in June 1945 and that the number conscripted excludes those drafted twice. Sakhalin, the Aleutian, and Kuril Islands: 8,200, 3,200, (11,400) The Finnish National Archives website's database lists the names of the 94,676 Finnish war dead between 1939 and 1945. The June 1945 force strength of 12,840,000 included 11,390,600 on active service; 1,046,000 in hospital; and 403,200 in civilian departments. For nations that suffered huge losses such as the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Germany, and Yugoslavia, sources can give only the total estimated population loss caused by the war and a rough estimate of the breakdown of deaths caused by military activity, crimes against humanity and war-related famine. German government figures of war losses do not include the increase in natural deaths with war casualties. Military Losses by theatre of war: Italy 74,725 (37,573 post armistice); France 2,060 (1,039 post armistice); Out of the 50,000 people who used to live there before the war, only about 300 survived. Casualties in 193940 include the following dead and missing: The number of wounded includes 2,576,000 permanently disabled. Detailed by country: Werner Gruhl estimates the civilian deaths at 20,365,000. "[598] According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum "The Croat authorities murdered between 320,000 and 340,000 ethnic Serb residents of Croatia and Bosnia during the period of Ustaa rule; more than 30,000 Croatian Jews were killed either in Croatia or at Auschwitz-Birkenau". Netherlands figure listed in the table of 112,000 Jews taken from, Donald L. Niewyk, professor of history at Southern Methodist University, maintains that the Holocaust can be defined in four ways: first, that it was the genocide of the Jews alone; second, that there were several parallel Holocausts, one for each of the several groups; third, the Holocaust would include Roma and the handicapped along with the Jews; fourth, it would include all racially motivated German crimes, such as the murder of Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, as well as political prisoners, religious dissenters, and homosexuals. Confirmed losses of civilian sailors due to German attacks and mines. 105658, Tables 608-09, Japan Statistical Year-Book, 1949 [etc.]. Keystone/Getty Images. How many people died during World War II? | Britannica From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Soviet soldiers killed during the Toropets-Kholm Offensive, January 1942. In 2017, the Russian historian Igor Ivlev put Soviet war dead at 42million people (19.4million military and 22.6million civilians). Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. He estimated the actual population in 1941 at 196.7million and losses at 2728million. [601] The names and data for 12,790 victims at Stara Gradika have been established. The annual death rate in 19421945 of Americans interned by Japan was about 3.5%. During the war Soviet civilians were taken to Germany as forced laborers under inhumane conditions.[20][125]. 2: 1978 (3,000,000), Encyclopdia Britannica 1992 (2,384,000), The Expulsion of "German" Communities from Eastern Europe at the end of the Second World War, Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees, European University Institute, Florence. Holocaust Encyclopedia "Mosaic of Victims: Overview", "Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida, A Teachers Guide to the Holocaust", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Genocide of European Roma, 19391945", "Romanies and the Holocaust: A Reevaluation and an Overview", Jewish Responses to the Porajmos The Romani Holocaust, "Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961, pp. Gruhl estimates POW deaths in Japanese captivity at 331,584. Universe, Inc. (July 13, 2005). Civilian losses were due to the sinking of the. In its scale of destruction, the war on the Eastern Front was unique; from Leningrad to the Crimea, from Kiev to Stalingrad, the Soviet Union was devastated - at least 25 million Soviet citizens died. Michael Haynes, Counting Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a Note Europe Asia Studies Vol. World War II casualties - Wikipedia Total missing and POW were 341,765 (283,322 with Axis and 58,443 with Allies), only about 80,000 survived Soviet captivity. [258] In 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,000. The Survey believes the dead at Hiroshima to have been between 70,000 and 80,000, with an equal number injured; at Nagasaki over 35,000 dead and somewhat more than that injured seems the most plausible estimate. Red Army records indicate 8.7million military deaths, "this figure is actually the lower limit". Ukraine - German Invasion, Nazi Atrocities, and Soviet Victory Soviet sources list the deaths of 403 of the 2,377 Finnish. In all, the scale of human losses during World War II was vast. Andaman & Nicobar Islands: 900, 1,500, (2,400) Though the Great Patriotic. [4] These figures have been accepted by most historians outside of Russia. Lesser Sundas: 51,800, 1,200, (53,000) Identity of mole who sold Russia secrets from within Australia's spy Army total 1,140,429 killed and 295,247 wounded. , ', " ", " ", Statement by President of Sakha Republic (Yakutia), " ", "Crimes of the German Wehrmacht, Hamburg Institute for Social Research 2004", "Population of the Soviet Union pp 180183", "Warren Eason Obituary Columbus, OH The Columbus Dispatch", Europe at War 19391945: No Simple Victory, "Deutschen Historischen Verantwortung fr die Ukraine", "Soviet Armed Forces Losses in Wars, Combat Operations and Military Conflicts: A Statistical Study", "Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War:a note-World War II", "Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes", " : , 19391945", " ? China after Pearl Harbor 202,958 killed and 88,920 wounded. 9.0 million civilians killed over age 5 and a deficit of 6.0 million children under age 5 not born during the war or died during the war. [98][134][135], In 1949, Soviet Colonel Kalinov defected to the west, where he published a book claiming that Soviet records indicated the military loss of 13.6million men, including 2.6million POW dead. E. Bruce Reynolds, "Aftermath of Alliance: The Wartime Legacy in Thai-Japanese Relations". Deported during the War 19411945 about 2.3million persons of Soviet ethnic minorities including: Soviet Germans 1,209,000; Finns 9,000; Karachays 69,000; Kalmyks 92,000; Chechens and Ingush 479,000; Balkars 37,000; Crimean Tatars 191,014; Meskhetian Turks 91,000; Greeks, Bulgarians and Armenians from Crimea 42,000; Ukrainian OUN members 100,000; Poles 30,000. [604] Joseph Stalin in March 1946 stated that Soviet war losses were 7million dead. The Greek government is planning to claim reparations from Germany for war damages. According to Gareev the Russian government has not disclosed the actual losses in the war. During World War II, nearly half - approximately 2.6 million of the 5.1 million Jews in the occupied Soviet Union in June 1941 - were murdered by the Nazis and their allies with the help of . Exhumed mass grave of the Vinnytsia massacre Estimates of the number of deaths attributable to the Soviet revolutionary and dictator Joseph Stalin vary widely. Civilian deaths were detailed in the Russian study - Human Losses of the USSR in the Period of WWII: The official total military dead per the analysis of Krivosheev is 8,668,000. Rybakovsky acknowledged that the components used to compute losses are uncertain and disputed. Total: 1,647,200, 473,800, (2,121,000), Overall, perhaps two thirds of all Japanese military dead came not from combat, but from starvation and disease. German Federal Archive Spieler, Silke. Facts concerning the problem of the German expellees and refugees, Bonn 1967. There were an additional 31,271 military deaths due to "natural causes" which are not included in these figures. & Jap. Aufl., 1. Il'Enkov maintained that the information in the Russian Military Archives alphabetical card-indexes "is a priceless treasure of history, which can assist in resolving the problems of the price of Soviet victory"[10] Il'Enkov maintained it could provide an accurate accounting of war losses. The official U.S. report listed 1 U.S. civilian killed during the, Six U.S. civilians were killed in Oregon in May 1945 by Japanese. Don't forget how the Soviet Union saved the world from Hitler These figures include military dead of 30,000 Chinese from Taiwan and 22,182 Koreans. Ingo Haar, "Straty zwiazane z wypedzeniami: stan bada, problemy, perspektywy", Die Flucht der deutschen Bevlkerung 1944/45, "Does Germany owe Greece wartime reparations money? Irrecoverable losses add down to (5,184,749 killed in action, 534,273 non-combat deaths and 4,452,346 POWs and missing). Millions also died as a result of other German actions. The war related deaths detailed in Russian sources are as follows. Recent studies published in Russia put the actual corrected population in 1940 at 192.598million. This nation could not restore its population even under 1959 census. Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). China (inc. Hong Kong): 435,600, 20,100, (455,700) Lev Lopukhovsky and Boris Kavalerchik label Krivosheev's transfer of military casualties to civilian losses as "ingratitude and blasphemy over their cherished memory". Civilian deaths totaled 5055million. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Bonn 1989 pp. . Mark Axworthy. Included with total war dead are victims of Japanese war crimes. The number of deaths in the Gulag labor camps increased as a result of wartime overcrowding and food shortages. The additions were the annexation of the, Estimates in the west for the population transfers differ. [11] An estimated 7-10 million people died in the Dutch, British, French and US colonies in South and Southeast Asia, mostly from war-related famine.[12][13][14][15][16]. The deaths of African soldiers conscripted by Italy are not included with the Italian war dead. The official figures for military war dead and missing in 194145 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths, 555,500 non-combat deaths. The war began with a Soviet invasion of Finland on 30 November 1939, three months after the outbreak of World War II, and ended three and a half months later with the Moscow Peace Treaty on 13 March 1940. They reported, "The total number who were killed by the Japanese, or who died from, hunger, disease and lack of medical attention is estimated at 3,000,000 for Java alone, 1,000,000 for the Outer Islands. [103], The contemporary nations that were formerly Soviet Republics dispute Krivosheev's analysis. [261], Deported to special settlements: (figures are for deportations to Special Settlements only, not including those executed, sent to Gulag labor camps or conscripted into the Soviet Army. Presse- und Informationsamt. Mertsalov Voprosy in Istorii(Questions of History) nr 2/3 1991 p. 250, David M. Glantz, Siege of Leningrad 1941 1944 Cassell 2001, Site of the Allied State (- ), soyuz.byru/print.aspx?guid=135175, Shevyakov, A. Edited by Executive Office of the Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office. [243] There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the Japanese due to famine and disease. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum[238]. Winter War Articles Related topics The Winter War [F 6] was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland. [13][14][15][16] In 2020, Mikhail Meltyukhov, who works with the Russian Federal archival project, claimed that 15.917.4million civilians were killed on Soviet territory by Germany and its allies during the war.[17]. Polska 19391945. 13, No. The Krivosheev study listed 8,668,400 irreplaceable losses (from listed strength): 5,226,800 killed in action, 1,102,800 died of wounds in field hospitals, 555,500 non combat deaths, POW deaths and missing were 4,559,000. Rossiia i SSSR v voinakh XX veka: Poteri vooruzhennykh sil; statisticheskoe issledovanie OLMA-Press, 2001; ISBN 5-224-01515-4 Table 176", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2021-2022 p.36", "The "Debt of Honour Register" from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission", "Service Files of the Second World War War Dead, 19391947", "Seconde Guerre mondiale: tombs sous les bombes "amies", Bundesarchiv Euthanasie im Nationalsozialismus, "Bundeszentrale fr politische Bildung, Die Vertreibung der Deutschen aus den Gebieten jenseits von Oder und Neie", "Bundesamt fr Bevlkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe Hampe: Der zivile Luftschutz im Zweiten Weltkrieg", Zahl der Vertreibungsopfer ist neu zu erforschen Rdiger Overmans Deutschlandfunk. The preliminary data for New Zealand losses was killed 10,033, missing 2,129, wounded 19,314 and.
