The University of Minnesota Alfalfa Variety Trial seeds all alfalfa in the spring, mainly due to the available soil moisture and better overall growing conditions compared to summer seeding dates. A Focus on Forage fact sheet, AglimeKey to Increased Yield and Profits Alfalfa Seeding Rates Revisited | CCE North Country Regional Ag Team Blog of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Frosted Alfalfa Wet soils not only reduce diffused oxygen (O2 (g)), but also benefit diseases and increase the risk of ice sheeting. Removal of Roundup Ready Alfalfa: What can we learn from 2012, Costs and Benefits of Roundup-Ready Alfalfa in the Establishment Year, Controlling Weeds in a Grass-Legume Mixture, Potato Leafhopper Resistant Alfalfa Varieties, An Update on Potato Leafhopper Resistance in Alfalfa, Alfalfa Potato Leafhopper Resistance Update. Prevent Hay Mow and Silo Fires of the 2012 Wisconsin Crop Management Conference, Vol. by Wayne Coblentz, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Pat Hoffman (emeritus),UW Extension Dairy Scientist, and Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist. Contract Feed Production Arrangements Many pastures will have accumulated forage this fall due to the generally good late season rainfall and temperature patterns. Grazing stockpiled. High yields are achievable with proper management. Alfalfa Yield and Stand - Team Forage A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist, John E. Moore, University of Florida, and Nick Schneider, former Winnebago Co. UWEX Agriculture Agent. Avoid unnecessary trips across the field when harvesting, Mowing and conditioning in a single operation. of Plant Pathology, UW Madison, Root and Crown Rots and Virus Diseases of Alfalfa and Clover Spring seeding dates of April 15 to May 15 are recommended for most of Minnesota. Optimize seedbed preparations, including for soil moisture, firmness and residue management. Sta., Ken Barnett, Farm Management Specialist., and Mark Feuerstein, former Agriculture Agent Door Co. A Focus on Forage fact sheet. Do not drive on alfalfa field when harvesting crop of adjacent field. by Mike Rankin, Fond du Lac Co. Crops and Soils Agent, and Dr. Dan Undersander, UW Extension Agronomist. PDF 2023 Estimated Costs of Crop Production in Iowa - Iowa State University by Wayne Coblentz, US Dairy Forage Research Center, and Pat Hoffman (emeritus),UW Extension Dairy Scientist. by John Jennings, Extension Forage Specialist, University of Arkansas, Effect of Seeding Year Stress on Future Alfalfa Yields University of Minnesota alfalfa field crop variety trials. by Dr.Dan Undersander Enhanced Forage Evaluation: NDF Digestibility 15 pounds seed per acre to ensure an adequate stand. Alfalfa has nutrient requirements that must be met for good yield. It more accurately estimates the feeding value of alfalfa and grass than past versions. Estimating the Weight of Forage in a Forage Wagon A paper by T. Roberson, L. Bundy (emeritus), and T. Andraski, Silage Quality After Applying Liquid Dairy Manure to Alfalfa Stands White clover is often thought of as the ideal pasture plant because when animals graze i, Effect of Drought on Alfalfa and Managing for Next Growing Season Maintaining soil potassium and, especially, phosphorus in a non-limiting status will improve alfalfa stand establishment, yield and survival (i.e., persistence). UW Extension Bulletin A3681, Getting a Good Forage Stand UW Extension Bulletin A3646. by Wayne Coblentz, US Dairy Forage Research Center, and Pat Hoffman (emeritus),UW Extension Dairy Scientist. by Pat Hoffman (emeritus),UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Marshfield Ag Research Station and David Combs, UW Dairy Scientist. Forage Economics and Budgets At the end of the first year, this results in a final stand of 30 to 35 plants in the same area to maximize yield. Written by Dr. Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Seeding Rate of Different Alfalfa Seed Lots FeedVal 2012| YouTube Demo | Effects of bale moisture and bale diameter on spontaneous heating, dry matter recovery, in vitro true digestibility, and in situ disappearance kinetics of alfalfa-orchardgrass hays Therefore higher grass seeding rates resulted in higher grass percentages in the final mixtures. With a proper seedbed, the choice of planter type, when operated correctly, doesnt impact alfalfa yield (Figure 4). Alfalfa management programs are designed to ensure highly productive alfalfa stands throughout the course of production. One of major contributors to increased lameness in dairy cattle (which has increased in the Midwest in recent years to 20 to 25% of all dairy cattle) has been formulation of high starch, low fiber diets (Cook, 2003). After the selecting the field, soil sampling and analysis will identify soil nutrient deficiencies. by Mike Rankin, Fond du Lac Co. Crops and Soils Agent. A presentation given by Craig Grau (emeritus), UW-Madison Dept. Phosphorus and potassium levels, according to soil test, need to be in the upper medium to high range at the time of seeding. Each day soybean planting is delayed results in about 0.5 bu/a lost yield at a value of $2.5 to $3.00 per acre. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by John Peters (retired), UW Extension Soil Scientist, Applying Manure to Alfalfa A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Keith Kelling (emeritus), John Peters, Mike Rankin, and Dan Undersander. We have found that, generally, alfalfa/grass mixes yield the same as pure alfalfa stands if the alfalfa is growing well. A Focus on Forage Fact Sheet. This spreadsheet developed by Extension Educator Ken Barnett, helps to determine ceiling and floor prices to pay for standing forage. The sixth area farmers should pay attention to is minimizing field losses during harvest. alfalfa matures, it has increased fiber levels and decreased protein. Over the years, many producers have found its much easier to correctly plant a field than try to renovate a poorly established one. The easy part is the alfalfa variety, which you can select based on proven University yields over locations and years. byDan Undersander, Forage Agronomist 8 decision tools Estimated Costs of Pasture and Hay Production This summarizes estimated costs of improving pasture by five different systems. PDF Dryland Alfalfa - Oregon State University The practice was popularized decades ago by beef producers. We must also manage levels of boron and sulfur. Wedbery, D.J. Northern and central IL Alfalfa 12-15 Alfalfaa Smooth . Contact a specialist. by Pat Hoffman (emeritus),UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Marshfield Ag Research Station, et al. Fig. Orchardgrass - Penn State Extension of potash per ton of forage produced. It is important to recognize that more plants emerge than contribute to the final stand. 2012 WI Crop Management Conference, Roundup Ready, Low Lignin and Other New Traits in Alfalfas Future| PowerPointPresentation | All rights reserved. of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Getting Low Potassium in Forages Theres a direct relationship between stand establishment and seeding depth. Orchardgrass, tall and meadow fescue and bromegrasses are dominant species to use in mixtures. Ability to apply manure to stands with less traffic damage and stand loss grasses suffer less traffic damage than alfalfa. However, including both doesnt fully explain the yield gap. Recovering Flooded Forages A table of values comparing hay prices at various moisture levels to a standard hay lot at 85% moisture. Home Crop production Forages Planting forages Establishing alfalfa-grass mixtures Alfalfa fields continue to dominate the forage landscape across Midwestern states. Department of Agronomy Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) is a bunch-type, tall-growing, cool-season perennial grass. Generally dairymen have perceived grasses to be too high in fiber for high producing dairy cows. by Jeanie Katovich and Roger Becker, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, and Jerry Doll (emeritus), Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin. Timothy and smooth bromegrass tend to produce too much forage in the spring but little the rest of the year so we recommend mixing either orchardgrass, tall fescue, or mea- dow fescue with alfalfa. We have found, for example, with pure alfalfa, not matter how many pounds of seed are used per acre, the stand will thin to 30 to 35 plants per square foot by summers end. Guide to Evaluating Hay Figure 5. Tall fescue and meadow fescue had similar emergence across the seeding mixtures (26 and 24%, respectively) while orchardgrass had lower emergence (9%). USDA Dairy Forage Research Center, Potassium in Forages USDA: Nearly everything is up | Hay and Forage Magazine This study shows that the same principle applies to grasses: at higher seeding rates more plants emerge but then greater thinning occurs as the season progresses. by Daniel Wiersma, former Asst. by Jerry Doll, UW Extension Weed Scientist, Removal of Roundup Ready Alfalfa: What can we learn from 2012 Wisconsin Crop Manager Newsletter Consider using larger equipment (there is some question about this because while less area is affected by wheel traffic, the affected area has greater weight applied to it). Both states were down 0.2 ton per acre from 2016. Proper seedbed preparation is essential for providing adequate seed-to-soil contact and controlling perennial and annual weeds. 2023Forage Genetics International, LLC. Profitable forage production depends on high yields. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Wayne Coblentz, Dan Undersander, and Michael Bertram. Economic Impact of Forage Quality PDF Crop Production 2021 Summary 01/12/2022 - Cornell University by Mike Rankin, University of Wisconsin-Extension, Alfalfa Stand Assessment: Is this Stand Good Enough to Keep? A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by John Peters (retired) and Keith Kelling (emeritus), UW Extension Soil Scientists. Agricultural Agent. Written by Mike Rankin, Extension Crops and Soils Agent Fond du Lac County. Because of tremendous demands on alfalfa, it is not reasonable to expect stands to last for a long time. by Dr. Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Diagnosing and Managing Winter Injury This contributes to production success and failure, depending on needs and expectations. Apply fertilizer as needed, using soil test results as a guide. A Focus on Forage fact sheet by Matt Digman, former USDA DFRC Ag Engineer, Effect of Wheel Traffic on Alfalfa Yield the PEAQ system was developed by agronomists at theUniversityof Wisconsin-Madison. NCR Research Report 346 by K. Kelling and M. Schmitt, Potassium in Forages In summary, alfalfa can be a high-yielding profitable crop if managed as such. 51. A presentation given by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist, at the 2005 Wisconsin Fertilizer, Ag Lime, and Pest Management Conference. by Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist. 1University of Wisconsin-Madison Seedling emergence was based on plant counts taken 30 to 40 days after seeding As the graph at right the mean grass emergence varied greatly among sites and years. These data clearly show that profitability was strongly related to yield. 2020 Wisconsin Alfalfa Yield and Persistence (WAYP) Program Summary, 2019 Wisconsin Alfalfa Yield and Persistence (WAYP) Program Summary, 2018 Wisconsin Alfalfa Yield and Persistence (WAYP) Program Summary, Alfalfa Management Guide USDA: There's less hay | Hay and Forage Magazine Per acre $365.01 $569.95 $410.25 $607.13 $458.62 $656.42 Yield: bushels Per bushel $2.19 $3.41 $2.22 $3.28 $2.25 $3.22 per acre Total cost per acre Rain Damage to Forage During Hay and Silage Making This first step to strong production must also include stand establishment, harvesting schedules, fertility and pest management considerations. Making Forage Analysis Work for You in Balancing Livestock Rations and Marketing Hay Alfalfa | MU Extension Publication A4075, Alfalfa Grass Mixtures|PowerPointPresentation | Seeding year harvest management for alfalfa | UMN Extension This updated version of FeedVal is web based and allows the user to evaluate various feedstuffs based on summative ingredient value. This spreadsheet, developed by Dan Undersander, Dave Combs and Randy Shaver, is the latest version of the MILK series spreadsheets. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Keith Kelling (emeritus), John Peters (retired), Mike Rankin, and Dan Undersander. Enter your own yield and related expenses to help determine your profitability. by Pat Hoffman (emeritus), UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Marshfield Ag Research Station, et al. The bulletin is updated annually. The APH-90 insurance policy . PDF ALFALFA ESTABLISHMENT* - Montana State University Some less winter kill or injury to the alfalfa stand, losses from flooding somegrasses will survive standing water and/or ice in low spots of field better than alfalfa. America's Alfalfa - Calculator The fourth area farmers should consider to maximize yield is to minimize wheel traffic on the field and select wheel traffic tolerant varieties. of Entomology, at the 2000 Wisconsin Fertilizer, Ag Lime, and Pest Management Conference, An Update on Potato Leafhopper Resistance in Alfalfa In terms of quality effect on milk performance of dairy animals the loss is even greater. Wider harvest window on second and later cuttings many cool season grasses headlittle or not at all after first cutting, therefore regrowth is primarily leaves whichchange little in forage quality over 7 to 10 days around harvest time. Inoculant Effects on Alfalfa Silage: In Vitro Gas and Volatile Fatty Acid Production We have also increased understanding of the genetics of alfalfa to allow improved variety selection methods and enhanced performance for the farmer. Presented at the 2001 Forage Teaching and Technology Conference. by Dr. Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, and Brian Hudelsonat the Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic, Evaluating and Managing Alfalfa Stands for Winter Injury A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Nick Schneider, Winnebago Co. Potash is particularly required in large amounts relative to other crops. by Victor Cabrera, Lou Armentano and Randy Shaver, UW-Madison dairy scientists. by Pat Hoffman (emeritus), UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Marshfield Ag Research Station. by Quinn Watson, Plant Pathology, UW-Madison and Damon Smith, UW-Extension Plant Pathologist, Aphanomyces Races in Alfalfa Sainfoin has pale pink flowers as shown in the photo. Both corn and alfalfa-grass silage must be supplemented with protein and energy, but if done properly, silage feeding may improve litter size and pig livability and save up to 25 percent in feed costs. Quick Stats Lite provides a more structured approach to get commonly requested statistics from our online database. 2022 STATE AGRICULTURE OVERVIEW Idaho Survey Data from Quick Stats as of: Jun/26/2023 Farms Operations Livestock Inventory Milk Production Crops - Planted, Harvested, Yield, Production, Price (MYA), Value of Production Sorted by Value of Production in Dollars Other considerations include an annual fertility program including nitrogen and sulfur, harvesting quality and pest management (diseases/insects). When seeding alfalfa in Minnesota, there are two options for timing: Spring and summer. Over 90% of the Montana hay crop is fed onsite, but its value per acre is higher than our other widely grown crops. That equates to 75 seeds per square foot. (Easy & Clear Answer) 18 to 20 pounds per acre should be planted for pure alfalfa stands. UW Extension Bulletin A3414. Statistical Bulletins (final estimates, 1987 to 2012. A presentation developed by Brian Holmes (emeritus), UW Extension Ag Engineer. Enter your own yield and related expenses to help determine your profitability. Cost-share programs require that they be planted between April 15 and . Grass runs about 15% NFC while alfalfa is about 25% NFC and corn silage is about 35% NFC. byDan Undersander,Forage Agronomist by Dan Undersander, Forage Agronomist, UW Extension, Propionic Acid Preservatives for Hay Milk2016 (ALFALFA-GRASS): Index Combining Yield and Quality Research suggests that only about 50 to 70 percent of those seeds will be accounted for as seedlings after emergence is complete in three to four weeks. The yield of an alfalfa stand is dependant upon several things, such as variety, moisture, fertility and harvest management. Drive on field as soon after cutting as possible (e.g. of Plant Pathology, at the 2004 Wisconsin Fertilizer, Ag Lime, and Pest Management Conference, Status of Aphanomyces Root Rot in Wisconsin A Focus on Forage Fact Sheet. | paper | MS PowerPoint | Drought can significantly reduce alfalfa yield. Top yields in the northern United States have approached 10 tons per acre while average yields are around 3 tons per acre. Heat Damaged Forages: Effects on Forage Energy Content A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist. This is true regardless of equipment used. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by John Peters (retired) and Carrie Laboski, UW Extension Soil Scientists. A Focus on Forage fact sheet. When correctly planted and managed, mixtures have multiple benefits by adding diversity to your operations in genetics and utility. The same economic considerations should be kept in mind when considering whether to cut if rain is threatening. If prescribed by the soil test, you can apply P and K fertilizer in the spring. This spreadsheet developed by Extension Educator Ken Barnett compares how much a producer needs to get for their hay compared to what they could get from corn production with varying corn prices. This may seem like a lot of alfalfa plants, but keep in mind that 60 percent . 2013 WI Crop Management Conference, Alfalfa Removal in Spring A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist, Minimizing Wheel Traffic Damage to Alfalfa USDA/NASS 2022 State Agriculture Overview for Idaho Plant seeds no more than a half-inch deep. by Dr. Richard Muck, USDA Dairy-Forage Research Center, et al. Arizona and California continued to dominate the average alfalfa yield category in 2019 . Written by Dr. Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Pure Live Seed Cloud, later planting dates (May 1 to 30) are advised. This directly impacts yield and performance (Figure 2). It requires making sure that alfalfa has the soil pH and fertility it needs, harvesting in a timely manner, minimizing wheel traffic, cutting close to the ground, reducing field losses, and turning over stands in a timely manner. by Dr. Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Identifying and Managing Soil Compaction in Field Crop Production All economic analysis would clearly indicate that it is more profitable to plan on shorter rotations and replant alfalfa fields oftener than to attempt to keep a low yielding field for another year or two. Land, machinery, and most other operating costs stay the same whether harvesting 3 tons per acre or 6 tons per acre. World wide, it is recognized for its high forage quality, ability to support high levels of intake by livestock, and capacity to fix nitrogen. We teach, learn, lead and serve, connecting people with the University of Wisconsin, and engaging with them in transforming lives and communities. 1.) By University of Wisconsin Extension, Effects of Rain Damage on Wilting Forages Grass establishment was significantly higher at Lancaster than at the other two sites, suggesting a large environmental effect for establishment. Here, well cover six management strategies for optimal alfalfa establishment: In addition, its important to select alfalfa varieties that have adequate fall dormancy and disease resistances, and purchase high-quality, pure alfalfa seed. Maximize the mixture by aiming to have 30 to 40 percent of the stand comprised of grasses. make silage from higher yielding fields, hay from lower yielding fields). Hay yield. Have a specific question for one of our subject experts? Crop Inputs (Fertilizer, Pesticides, Herbicides, etc). Silage inoculants: What the research tells us about when and how to use them. A Fact Sheet describing the effects of silage inoculants under various management and conditions. This can be seen in the graph at the right which depicts economic data from the Green-Gold program (a third party verified measured yield and quality program) the Wisconsin Forage council used to run. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Dennis Cosgrove and Dan Undersander, former and current UW-Extension Forage Agronomists. Agricultural Agent. Temperature and Moisture Effects on Forage Quality Price Reactions (after crop or livestock reports) Receive Reports by Email: National Reports. Tests to characterize alfalfa cultivars: From the North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference. University of Minnesota Extension discovers science-based solutions, delivers practical education, and engages Minnesotans to build a better future. Section 207(f)(2) of the E-Government Act of 2002 requires federal agencies to develop an inventory of information to be published on their Web sites, establish a schedule for publishing information, make those schedules available for public comment, and post the schedules and priorities on the Web site.
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