Vecchia C., Bosetti C. Diet and cancer risk in Mediterranean countries. Olive leaf extract comes from the leaves of the olive tree ( Olea europaea ), the same tree that produces olive oil. to S. Central China. Background: Medicinal plants have been used as a key source for medication and they remain to provide new therapeutic remedies to date. Later on the findings of Al-Azzawie and Alhamdani were supported by the studies of antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of oleuropein (1) and hydroxytyrosol (84), isolated from the leaves of O. europaea, in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. INTRODUCTION. Therapeutic indications The material complies with the Ph. The geranylgeranyl reductase transcript levels along with the biophenols and tocopherols were studied and it was observed that an inverse relation exists between them. Background. The aqueous extract of olive leaves had no antibacterial effect against the test microorganisms, while acetone extract inhibited several microorganisms including Salmonella enteritidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus thermophiles, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus [172]. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Golubev et al. Continuous application of olive oil is also useful to prevent hair loss [120]. Virgin olive oil phenolics extract inhibit invasion of HT115 human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. WST-1 proliferation kit and [3H]-thymidine incorporation method was used for antiproliferation assay. Savarese M., de Marco E., Sacchi R. Characterization of phenolic extracts from olives (, Bianco A., Chiacchio M. A., Grassi G., Iannazzo D., Piperno A., Romeo R. Phenolic components of, Bianco A., Melchioni C., Ramunno A., Romeo G., Uccella N. Phenolic components of, Maestroduran R., Leoncabello R., Ruizgutierrez V., Fiestas P., Vazquezroncero A. Brahmi F., Dabbou S., Flamini G., Edziri H., Mastouri M., Hammami M. Fatty acid composition and biological activities of volatiles from fruits of two Tunisian olive cultivars. It was also noticed that cholesterol levels also decreased in all the treatments in a dose-dependent manner [227]. O.-H. Lee and B.-Y. More interestingly, the extracts, besides lowering the serum glucose, total cholesterol, urea, uric acid, triglycerides, and creatinine, also increased the serum insulin levels in diabetic and not in normal rats. Toxicity of olive leaves (, Snchez-Gonzlez M., Lozano-Mena G., Juan M. E., Garca-Granados A., Planas J. M. Assessment of the safety of maslinic acid, a bioactive compound from. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Assessment report on Olea europaea L., folium . conducted a study to test the effect of extraction solvent on antioxidant activity. It was observed that olive brines have antimicrobial activity against lactic acid fermentation. Safety profile of maslinic acid (67), a compound isolated from the cuticle of O. europaea, was assessed by oral administration of high doses to mice. Brenes M., Hidalgo F. J., Garca A., et al. designed a study to observe the effects of olive leaf extract and its main component oleuropein on 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) induced toxicity in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells as an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease. In Algeria the fruits and leaves of O. europaea are used to cure diabetes and hypertension [142]. Eidi et al. Benavente-Garca O., Castillo J., Lorente J., Ortuo A., Del Rio J. H2O2 at known concentrations was used to induce apoptosis. The protective effects of olive leaf extract on genotoxicity and oxidative damage in cultured human blood cells are also studied. Intraperitoneal administration of essential oil of O. europaea at doses of 100, 200, and 300mg/Kg caused a significant reduction in acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions and paw edema in mice [135]. Gmez-Gonzlez S., Ruiz-Jimnez J., Priego-Capote F., de Castro M. D. L. Qualitative and quantitative sugar profiling in olive fruits, leaves, and stems by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) after ultrasound-assisted leaching. Guinda ., Rada M., Delgado T., Gutirrez-Adnez P., Castellano J. M. Pentacyclic triterpenoids from olive fruit and leaf. Purpose of review: The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) has featured as a significant part of medicinal history, used to treat a variety of ailments within folk medicine. Four major phenolic compounds present in olive oil, namely, hydroxytyrosol (84), oleuropein (1), hydroxytyrosol-elenolate (14), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-elenolic acid dialdehyde (39), were studied for their protective effect on RBCs against oxidative damage. O. europaea has a number of traditional and contemporary uses in medicine. 3-[1-(Hydroxymethyl)-(E)-1-propenyl]glutaric acid (132) and 3-[1-(formyl)-(E)-1-propenyl]glutaric acid (133) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of olives [84]. The ethyl acetate extract of olive leaves yielded two new secoiridoid glycosides oleuricine A (10) and oleuricine B (21) [87]. Hence some of the depicted interesting biological activities of O. europaea can be further proceeded to make use of them as a future therapy. Schumacher B., Scholle S., Hlzl J., Khudeir N., Hess S., Mller C. E. Lignans isolated from, Campeol E., Flamini G., Cioni P. L., Morelli I., D'Andrea F., Cremonini R. 1,5-Anhydroxylitol from leaves of, Paiva-Martins F., Gordon M. H. Isolation and characterization of the antioxidant component 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl 4-formyl-3-formylmethyl-4-hexenoate from olive (. Galili E., Stanley D. J., Sharvit J., Weinstein-Evron M. Evidence for earliest olive-oil production in submerged settlements off the Carmel Coast, Israel. The bactericidal and fungicidal activities of salt-free table olive solutions were evaluated against several phytopathogenic microorganisms [177]. The extract was tested for the stated activity by Chromobacterium violaceum assay using the agar cup diffusion method. Oleoside (15), reported from fruits, is also present in leaves [60]. They suggested on the basis of their findings that both oleuropein (1) and oleanolic acid (105) were responsible for the antidiabetic effects of olive leaves [144]. It is of its first type where trees, in particular, were reviewed and compiled in one manuscript. elucidated the antioxidizing potency of phenolics present in olive oil mill waste waters using reference standards of natural and synthetic origin, commonly used as food preservatives. Overall results showed that the stated triterpenes have significant natural defense against human breast cancer [155]. Continuous research is in progress to validate its traditional medicinal uses, which is described in detail in the present review. Its bark, fruits, leaves, wood, seeds, and oil are used in different forms, alone or sometimes in combination with other herbs. It was observed that the supplementation of meat with olive leaves decreased lipid oxidation but exerted no effect on protein oxidation in both raw and cooked meat [215]. Olives are not used as a natural fruit because of their extremely bitter taste but are rather consumed either as olive oil or table olives [14]. O. europaea emerged as a good source of traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. The pits inside olives can range from 1.5 to 3 cm. The olive tree (Olea europaea, Oleaceae) is a traditional symbol of abundance, glory, and peace, and its leafy branches were historically used to crown the victorious in friendly games and bloody war.The olive fruit, its oil, and the leaves of the olive tree have a rich history of nutritional, medicinal, and ceremonial uses. Two new compounds 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-elenolic acid dialdehyde (3,4-DHPEA-EDA) (39) and hydroxytyrosol-elenolate (14) which are the hydrolysis products of oleuropein (1) were isolated from the leaves of O. europaea [107]. Scientific Name (s) Olea europaea Common Name (s) Olive leaf also is known as olive leaf extract. A new compound has been reported from the stem of O. europaea which is an isomer of oleanolic acid (105) and was known as oleanolic acid demethyl (106). Boiled extract of fresh or dried leaves is taken orally to treat asthma [124] and hypertension and to induce diuresis [130, 131]. described the gastroprotective effect of olive oil extract in respect to its quercetin content. Olive trees are normally distributed in the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean basin, the contiguous coastal areas of southeastern Europe, northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian Sea, western Asia, and northern Africa [13]. 2. To grasp the fragmented information available on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Olea europaea to explore its therapeutic potential . Esmaeili-Mahani S., Rezaeezadeh-Roukerd M., Esmaeilpour K., et al. investigated effects of erythrodiol (101), uvaol (102), oleanolic acid (105), and maslinic acid (104) on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative DNA damage on human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Bonazzi M. Euro-Mediterranean policies and olive oil: competition or job sharing? Olive oil extract showed gastroprotective activity close to quercetin, one of the most studied flavonoid with antiulcer properties [236]. Cumaolu et al. Olive (, Eidi A., Moghadam-Kia S., Moghadam J. Olea europaea L. | SpringerLink Gastaldo P. Official compendium of the Italian flora. There were, however, no effects on lipid profile, ambulatory blood pressure, body composition, or liver function [151]. It was suggested that the activity may be due to the antioxidants present in OLE [235]. Patients were treated with 1.6g/day olive leaves extract up to three months after 15 days treatment based on placebo. Another study was designed to investigate the effects of alcoholic extract of olives on the bacterial communication system, expressed as quorum sensing activity. These activities were related to the glutaraldehyde like compounds such as the dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid in these solutions. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, secoiridoids, and secoiridoid glycosides [45] are present in almost all the parts of O. europaea. It has been assumed that the cultivars around the Mediterranean originated from wild Mediterranean olive and then spread all around it [40]. A few years later, green olive leaves were used in tea as a treatment for malaria. The aqueous extract of olive leaves was tested for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity in vitro. The Franciscan padres then carried olives and other fruits from San Blas, Mexico, into California. Similar set of studies was also conducted to show the effects of maslinic acid (104) in acetic acid-induced writhing, inflammatory phase of formalin-induced pain, and capsaicin-induced mechanical allodynia in mice [232]. Ali-Shtayeh M. S., Jamous R. M., Jamous R. M. Complementary and alternative medicine use amongst Palestinian diabetic patients. Chemical composition and biological activities of volatile fractions from three Tunisian cultivars of olive leaves. Olea africana has a varied range of documented medicinal uses such as treatment for eye infections, urinary tract infections, headaches, sore throat, diuretics and hypertension. Galactolipids, triacylglycerols, and fatty acids were isolated from the fruits of O. europaea [6668]. Gentile L., Uccella N. A. A., Hernndez J. M., Trujillo J. M., Lpez H. Iridoids and secoiridoids from, Mdail F., Quzel P., Besnard G., Khadari B. Systematics, ecology and phylogeographic significance of, Bracci T., Busconi M., Fogher C., Sebastiani L. Molecular studies in olive (. Ikeda Y., Murakami A., Ohigashi H. Ursolic acid: an anti- and pro-inflammatory triterpenoid. Sato et al. Pieroni A., Heimler D., Pieters L., van Poel B., Vlietinck A. J. Life Cycle: Woody Recommended Propagation Strategy: Seed Stem Cutting Country Or Region Of Origin: Olea europaea is used traditionally as diuretic, hypotensive, emollient, laxative, febrifuge, skin cleanser, cholagogue, and also used for the treatment of urinary infections, gallstones,. However, more research is needed. analyzed the tocopherols profile of olive fruits and found that -, -, and -tocopherols were present as 39.3mg, 12.2mg, and 24.0mg per kilogram of the sample, respectively [88]. Olive has widely been explored as a functional food [22, 23] with various biophenols [24, 25] and other bioactive constituents [26]. OLE was studied for its effect on brain lipidomics in rat stroke model. Antioxidant activities of O. europaea have been summarized in Table 5. Bianco A., Coccioli F., Guiso M., Marra C. The occurrence in olive oil of a new class of phenolic compounds: hydroxy-isochromans. Somova L. I., Shode F. O., Mipando M. Cardiotonic and antidysrhythmic effects of oleanolic and ursolic acids, methyl maslinate and uvaol. Introduction: The phenolic compounds present in olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) confer benefits to the human health. To grasp the fragmented information available on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Olea europaea to explore its therapeutic potential and future research opportunities. Olive leaf extract as well as several of its phenolics showed xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Traditional treatment of high blood pressure and diabetes in Souk Ahras district. Accessibility Material and Methods. Olea europaea: A phyto-pharmacological review - ResearchGate Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and pro-apoptotic capacities of pentacyclic triterpenes found in the skin of olives on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and their effects on DNA damage. The rats were divided into control group and diabetic group and were daily treated with 20, 40, and 60mg/Kg doses of oleanolic acid up to four weeks. Brenes M., Garca A., de los Santos B., et al. Upon intragastric administration, it was found effective antiulcer agent against aspirin-induced gastric ulcers [237]. Oleuropein was found to be even more active than the reference drug methylene blue on both wild-type and P301L Tau proteins at low micromolar concentrations [247]. Medical Dictionary-> Olea. Hashim Y. Medina E., Romero C., de Los Santos B., et al. Ligstroside (2), a major component of olive fruit and seeds, is also present in the wood [76]. What is it used for? Aouidi et al. The study proposed that olive leaf extract may be used as an antidiabetic agent [146]. Antioxidant activity of virgin olive oil phenolic compounds in a micellar system. It was concluded that maslinic acid may offer some resistance to oxidative stress in animals [193]. Neuroprotection of maslinic acid, a novel glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, in type 2 diabetic rats. A. Wang X.-F., Li C., Shi Y.-P., Di D.-L. Two new secoiridoid glycosides from the leaves of, Golubev V. N., Gusar Z. D., Mamedov E. S. Tocopherols of. Secoiridoids and their glycosides are found in olive fruits and seeds. LC-NMR analysis of alperujo, fresh solid waste of two-phase olive oil extraction system, showed the presence of -hydroxyacetamide (92), suspensaside (93), hellicoside (94), orbanchoside (95), acetoside (96), and wedelosin (97) [112]. In Italy, the extract of the essential oil of fruit is taken orally to treat renal lithiasis. A clinical trial of a titrated, Khayyal M. T., El-Ghazaly M. A., Abdallah D. M., Nassar N. N., Okpanyi S. N., Kreuter M.-H. Silva S., Gomes L., Leito F., Coelho A. V., Boas L. V. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of. Maslinic acid (104), a pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained from the pressed fruits of olives, has been studied against tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. Results: Ethnomedical uses of O. europaea are recorded throughout the world where it has been used to treat various ailments. Jerman T., Trebe P., Vodopivec B. M. Ultrasound-assisted solid liquid extraction (USLE) of olive fruit (, Tsukamoto H., Hisada S., Nishibe S. Lignans from bark of the, Prez-Bonilla M., Salido S., van Beek T. A., et al. Aim of the Review. Micol et al. Oleuropein, a major constituent of O. europaea, has got much attention and a lot of work has been done on its pharmacological properties [20, 21]. Pharmacological Activities of Olea europaea Leaves Lee studied the combined effect of olive leaf phenolics and the isolated compounds against several microbial strains. The native range of this species is Africa, Medit. Astrocytic glutamate transporter-dependent neuroprotection against glutamate toxicity: an in vitro study of maslinic acid. Ben Othman N., Roblain D., Thonart P., Hamdi M. Tunisian table olive phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacity. Guan T., Qian Y.-S., Huang M.-H., et al. Machado et al. The olive pulp showed a significant activity for the protection of lipids peroxidation [211]. A study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal activity of some aliphatic aldehydes [hexanal, nonanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-heptenal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal] from olive fruit against various strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, and Candida spp. Aouidi F., Dupuy N., Artaud J., et al. With an overproduction of these reactive species, an exposure to external oxidant substances, or a failure in the defense mechanisms, damage to valuable biomolecules (DNA, lipids, proteins) may occur [26]. Acute diuretic effects in conscious rats produced by some medicinal plants used in the state of Sao Paulo, Brasil. The protective effect of both the OLE and ranitidine was similar and in conclusion OLE possessed significant gastroprotective activity. Common names Herb: Olive Latin name: Olea europaea Family: Oleaceae (Olive Family) Medicinal use of Olive: The oil from the pericarp is cholagogue, a nourishing demulcent, emollient and laxative. Infusion of fresh leaves is also taken as anti-inflammatory [126]. The olive leaf extracts exhibited relatively high antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using disc diffusion method [171]. It is used to treat unspecified medicinal disorders, as animal food and a medicine, has environmental uses and social uses and for fuel and food. Oleuropein was found the most effective compound while syringic acid was found inactive. Guinda ., Lanzn A., Rios J. J., Albi T. The isolation and quantification of the components from olive leaf: hexane extract. The rats were orally administered with olive leaves extracts at different doses of 100, 250, and 500mg/Kg of body weight, while the reference drug, Glibenclamide, was given at a dose of 600g/Kg for 14 days. After treatment it was observed that the blood glucose levels along with most of the antioxidants were restored to the values near to the normal control rabbits. Oleuropein and other secoiridoids such as secologanoside (16), oleoside (15), 6-E-p-coumaroyl-secologanoside (comselogoside) (20), and 6-O-[(2E)-2,6-dimethyl-8-hydroxy-2-octenoyloxy]-secologanoside (32) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of boron deficient leaves [94]. The phenolic content and antioxidant activity of infusions from Mediterranean medicinal plants. The samples of these olive brines were analyzed by HPLC, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopic studies. Bianchi G., Pozzi N. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol, a major C. Rodrguez G., Lama A., Jaramillo S., et al. Medina E., Brenes M., Romero C., Garca A., de Castro A. According to the results, the aqueous methanolic and petroleum ether extracts of O. europaea possess efficient diuretic activity [251]. Olive (Olea europaea) | Olive Tree Facts | Symbolism & Uses Procopio A., Alcaro S., Nardi M., et al. Other studies have been conducted to observe the antimicrobial activities of olive leaves' extracts. Final . Many important secondary metabolites have been reported from the wood of O. europaea. Radical scavenging-linked antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of diverse types of extra virgin olive oils. It was concluded that in pure form, these compounds were active in low concentrations [154]. Constituents of O. europaea have shown very good anticancer activities on various types of cancers [152]. In Mediterranean folk medicine, the preparation of olive leaf has been used as a common tonic for gout [134]. investigated the effects of hydroxytyrosol and its ester hydroxytyrosol laurate in U937 cells, a human monocytoid cell line, and in C2C12 myoblasts (a murine proliferating muscle cell model) after apoptotic death induction. Korukluoglu M., Sahan Y., Yigit A. Antifungal properties of olive leaf extracts and their phenolic compounds. A comparative study was conducted to check the effect of olive leaves extract in normal and diabetic rats. Olive Leaf Extract: Health Benefits, Uses, Dosage, and More - WebMD De Feo V., Aquino R., Menghini A., Ramundo E., Senatore F. Traditional phytotherapy in the Peninsula Sorrentina, Campania, southern Italy. It was observed that the samples with more copper content have a decreased level of phenolic compounds and in turn less radical scavenging capacity [206]. The outcomes of phytochemical and pharmacological studies reported in this review will further expand its existing therapeutic potential and provide a convincing support to its future clinical use in modern medicine. The family is divided into several tribes, that is, Fontanesieae, Forsythieae, Jasmineae, Myxopyreae, and Oleeae [4, 5]. Useful medicinal tree species of Ethiopia: Comprehensive review All the available information on O. europaea w In the xylene ear edema test, olive oil showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in the mice while maslinic acid also showed antiallodynic effects [231, 232]. Natural Health 2000;30:40. In a similar study, the phenolic components of O. europaea were identified by HPLC and antioxidant activities of different isolates were measured in sunflower oil by measuring peroxide values [195]. Haloui E., Marzouk B., Marzouk Z., Bouraoui A., Fenina N. Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein from olive leaves: potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Main antimicrobial compounds in table olives. Olive Leaf Extract Benefits - Verywell Health Isolation from ethyl acetate soluble fraction of O. europaea leaves yielded different triterpenoids like -amyrin (107) [87, 97], -sitosterol (118) [97], oleanolic acid (105) [98103], erythrodiol (101) [97, 101, 104], and urs-2,3-dihydroxy-12-en-28-oic acid (108). The results showed that olive leaf extract decreased cell damage at a dose of 400g/mL in NGF treated cells. It was found that olive oil can significantly reduce the risk of stroke, heart attacks, stomach cancer, and other heart diseases [11]. Genetically, O. europaea is a diploid (2n = 46) species [34]. Phenolic molecules in virgin olive oils: A survey of their sensory properties, health effects, antioxidant activity and analytical methods. A., Casal S. The use of olive leaves and tea extracts as effective antioxidants against the oxidation of soybean oil under microwave heating.
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