The Book of Concord is the historic doctrinal statement of the Lutheran Church, consisting of ten credal documents recognized as authoritative in Lutheranism since the 16th century. There is a very early distinction between the rules enacted by the church and the legislative measures taken by the state called leges, Latin for laws. Mike Schmitz). Last Spring's 87th Legislature resulted in more than 650 new Texas laws. Robinson, O.F., T.D. Drawing upon years of experience, including time spent as a detective with the Thames Valley Police in England and as special operations manager for the Mall of America, Osamoh explains the soft target nature of churches and the initial steps church leaders can take to begin developing a culture of safety and security in their congregations. Ulanov, M. S., Badmaev, V. N., Holland, E. C. Buddhism and Kalmyk Secular Law in the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries. Church Law Attorneys & Counselors at Law - Syracuse, New York Incorporating, Operating, and Defending the Church Churches need legal representation and counsel. This crossword clue Church law was discovered last seen in the May 1 2022 at the LA Times Crossword. In 1917, Pope Benedict XV recodified (revised) the canons. Boerne's First Baptist Church. Immigration attorney Shannon Church advocates for immigrants throughout the United States. Greek kanon / Ancient Greek: ,[3] Arabic qaanoon / , Hebrew kaneh / , 'straight'; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is 'reed'; see also the Romance-language ancestors of the English word cane. Saint-Sverin, Paris - Wikipedia We have a wide range of experience handling all types of issues affecting nonprofit organizations, including churches, charities, political entities, and other religious organizations. Myron is also a graduate of Biola University, a Christian university established in the Los Angeles area over 100 years ago. Our Lawyers OUR FIRM IS COMPOSED OF A TEAM OF EXPERIENCED LAWYERS, PARALEGALS AND STAFF MEMBERS COMMITTED TO THE ZEALOUS REPRESENTATION OF OUR CLIENTS AND DEDICATED TO PROVIDING THEM WITH EXCELLENT AND EFFECTIVE LEGAL REPRESENTATION IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THE RESULTS OUR CLIENTS EXPECT AND DESERVE. https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Church+law, 4) The idea of sin as a penalty for the infringement of, The updated rules also codified as a "grave crime" against, In early March they ruled 6-1 that I had not violated, Since filing for bankruptcy protection, the archdiocese has tried to limit the list of its assets by claiming that under, Christianity Today International (CTI; Carol Stream, IL), a company founded by Billy Graham in 1956 and the publisher of 13 print titles, online church leadership resources and a range of web sites, has agreed to acquire the ", As Ribordy explains for the fifteenth century, for aristocrats the risks were too great that they would lose control of a central political and economic institution for them to allow, If it does, jurisdiction over same-sex blessings would become the responsibility of General Synod, and any change in national, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Among Egypt's Christians, few question Church rule, Vatican toughens rules to deal with sexual abuse of children, Mystery over bid to stop priest becoming a bishop; Anonymous complaint sent to the Pope's office, Bid to stop senior Catholic priest being made a bishop; Anonymous letters about a wedding 30 years ago, Validated vows: first person: The Reverend Jane Spahr, "Church Law & Tax Report" acquired by Christianity Today International, "Faire les noces": Le mariage de la noblesse francaise (1375-1475), Church law expert Jane counts her blessings, Anglicans continue study of same-sex blessings, Chirographum apud debitorem repertum praesumitur solutum, Church Leadership Development International, Church Multiplication International Albania. This answers first letter of which starts with C and can be found at the end of N. We think CANON is the possible answer on this clue. She serves as a senior editorial advisor for Christianity Todays ChurchLawAndTax.com.Learn more about your ad choices. But it derived as well from public deference. Keep up-to-date on what's happening in your state. Its latest edition was published in 2016. He is gifted, capable, sincere, and one on whom I have leaned for counsel and guidance on more occasions than I can count. In the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. All straight from The Church Attorney along with some special guests! In the early fifteenth century, commissions of the English Parliament made use of canonical procedures and canon law experts to decide issues involving laws of war, diplomacy, and other questions. As a church leader, Ive found such value in this podcast and I really enjoy the host. This is not the product of a theoretician or academic. Judge Edits La. Church's Hurricane Damage Claim Before Trial Saint-Laurent (French pronunciation: [s lo.]) is a Roman Catholic church in the 10th arrondissement of Paris at 68 bis Boulevard de Magenta.A series of churches occupied the site since the 10th century. Governing documents typically consist of an organizations certificate of formation (or articles of incorporation) that explain how the organization is formed and its bylaws which outline the rules of how [], Professional Limited Liability Company Church Law - Dague & Martin, P.C. Using a Legal Audit to Position Your Church for the Long Haul, Building a Healthy Leadership Culture in Your Church, with guest Dr. Nicholas Pearce, pastor, professor, and author, Building a Culture of Safety and Security in Churches, with guest Simon Osamoh, founder of Kingswood Security Consulting, Supporting and Strengthening Mental Health in Churches, with Dr. Pernessa C. Seele, Healthy Leaders, Healthy Churches, Reduced Legal Liability, Listener Mailbag: Addressing Your Questions on Love Gifts, Political Activities, Copyright, and More, Stabilizing Your Churchs Finances after COVID-19. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices. Vatican revises Church law on sexual abuse and other issues [14] While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Catholic Code of Canon Law,[19] the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is in charge of the community"[20] and reformulates it as "a rule of conduct enacted by competent authority for the sake of the common good". Read on for valuable tips, insights and recommendations. However, the tribunal is still the only place where Catholics can secure a marriage Annulment, and each diocese must maintain a tribunal for this purpose. Church - World Encyclopedia of Law Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices, Every person, including pastors and church leaders, deals with hurts and hang-ups, and those hurts and hang-ups can easily turn into bad habits when stress and pressures mount. [24], The Eastern Orthodox Church, principally through the work of 18th-century Athonite monastic scholar Nicodemus the Hagiorite, has compiled canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pdlion (Greek: , 'Rudder'), so named because it is meant to "steer" the church in her discipline. She serves as a senior editorial advisor for Christianity Todays ChurchLawAndTax.com.Learn more about your ad choices. Concerned About Legal Risks? We welcome them! Known as The Church Attorney, Erika has dedicated her life to helping Catholic Lawyer. Missed last years conference? As a long time church leader, I subscribe to the Church Law podcast because it is engaging and informative. Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law. Distinctions Between the Terms Pastor, Clergy, Minister, Definition of the Terms Pastor, Clergy, Minister In General, StatusOrdained, Commissioned, or Licensed, Compliance with a Church's Governing Instrument in the Selection of a Minister, Civil Court Review of Clergy Selection Disputesthe General Rule of Non-Intervention, Civil Court Review of Clergy Selection DisputesLimited Exceptions to the General Rule, Civil Court Review of Clergy Termination Disputesthe General Rule of Non-Intervention, Civil Court Review of Clergy Termination DisputesLimited Exceptions to the General Rule, Civil Court Review of Clergy Termination Disputes"Exhaustion" of Ecclesiastical Remedies, Acting in a Professional Capacity as a Spiritual Adviser, The Clergy-Penitent PrivilegeMiscellaneous Issues, Visiting Privileges at Penal Institutions, Immigration of Alien Ministers, Religious Vocations, and Religious Occupations, Liabilities, Limitations, and Restrictions, Pastors Who Are Sued for Making Defamatory Statements, State Regulation of Psychologists and Counselors, Charters, Constitutions, Bylaws, and Resolutions, Public Inspection of Tax-Exemption Applications, Government Inspection of Donor and Membership Lists, Officers, Directors, and TrusteesIn General, Officers, Directors, and TrusteesPersonal Liability, Remedies for Improper Discipline or Dismissal, Church Property DisputesSupreme Court Rulings, Hierarchical Churchesthe Compulsory Deference Rule, Hierarchical ChurchesNeutral Principle of Law, Church Property DisputesDispute Resolution Procedures, The Majority View: Churches May Build in Residential Zones, The Minority View: The Government May Restrict Church Construction in Residential Zones, The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA), Restricting Certain Activities Near Church Property, Reversion of Church Property to the Prior Owner, Religious Discrimination in the Sale or Rental of Church Property, Liability Based on Status as Invitee, Licensee, or Trespasser, Compensating Employees Who Are Receiving Workers Compensation Benefits, Dismissing Employees for Filing a Workers Compensation Claim, Introduction to Federal Employment and Civil Rights LawsThe Commerce Requirement, The Ministerial Exception under State and Federal Employment Laws, Cases Recognizing the Ministerial Exception, Cases Not Recognizing the Ministerial Exception, Procedure for Establishing a Discrimination Claim, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Application to Religious Educational Institutions, Religion as a "Bona Fide Occupational Qualification", Discrimination Based on Religion or Morals, Failure to Accommodate Employees Religious Practices, Employer Retaliation Against Victims of Discrimination, Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation, Discrimination Based on Use of Legal Substances, The "Religious Service" Exemption to Copyright Infringement, Other Exceptions to Copyright Infringement, Political Activities by Churches and Other Religious Organizations, Negligence as a Basis for LiabilityIn General, Vicarious Liability (Respondeat Superior), Inapplicability to Nonprofit Organizations, Negligent Selection of Church WorkersIn General, Negligent Selection of Church WorkersSexual Misconduct Cases Involving Minor Victims, Court Decisions Recognizing Negligent Selection Claims, Court Decisions Rejecting Negligent Selection Claims, The Relevance of Sexual Orientation in Selecting Youth or Childrens Workers, Negligent Selection of Church WorkersOther Cases, Negligent Retention of Church WorkersIn General, Court Decisions Recognizing Negligent Retention Claims, Court Decisions Rejecting Negligent Retention Claims, Negligent Supervision of Church WorkersIn General, Negligent Supervision of Church WorkersSexual Misconduct Cases Involving Minor Victims, Court Decisions Recognizing Negligent Supervision Claims, Court Decisions Rejecting Negligent Supervision Claims, Negligent Supervision of Church WorkersOther Cases, Court Decisions Recognizing Fiduciary Duty Claims, Court Decisions Rejecting Fiduciary Duty Claims, Court Decisions Recognizing Vicarious Liability, Court Decisions Rejecting Vicarious Liability, The Legal Effect of a Group Exemption Ruling, Risks Associated with the Use of 15-Passenger Vans, Negligent Selection of Church WorkersSexual Misconduct Cases Involving Adult Victims, Negligent Supervision of Church WorkersSexual Misconduct Cases Involving Adult Victims, The Present Meaning of the First Amendment Religion Clauses, Prayer on Public Property other than Schools, Display of Religious Symbols on Public Property, Recurring Use of Public Property by Religious Congregations for Religious Services, Nonrecurring Use of Public Property by Adults for Religious Events and Activities, Use of Public School Property by Students for Religious Purposes, Attorney Gerald Cipolla, founder of the Chicago-based Cipolla Law Group, a firm specializing in immigration law (, Attorney Lina Yen Hughes, founder of the Sacramento, California-based Yen Hughes Law, P.C., a firm specializing in immigration law (, Attorney Anali Looper, an immigration attorney who directs the Waco, Texas-based office for American Gateways, a not-for-profit providing legal services to low-income immigrant communities throughout Texas (, Jeffrey Thomas and Matthew Myers, two attorneys with the Austin, Texas-based offices of Foster LLP, one of the largest immigration law firms in the country (. Canon Law. In Great Britain there is also a body of canon law dating back to pre-reformation in the 16th Century, which is used by the Anglican (Episcopal) Church. My objective in writing Pastor, Church & Law is to help reduce this confusion and uncertainty by providing seminary students, clergy, attorneys, and accountants with a comprehensive yet readable analysis of the major laws affecting churches and clergy . The academic degrees in Catholic canon law are the J.C.B. Sign up for our free Church Law & Tax Update Newsletter. Divorce started to slowly be allowed in specific instances such as adultery being committed, abuse, abandonment, impotence, and barrenness being the primary justifications for divorce. 2021: Became Host of the Church Law Podcast on the Christianity Today podcast network; Created The Church Attorney MasterClass to train & support other attorneys in the area of church law. The lawsuit filed by a former Scientologist against leader David Miscavige along with the man alleged to have sexually assaulted her lays bare policies written by the church founder L. Ron Hubbard . New York: Paulist Press.Buelt, Edward L., and Charles Goldberg. Last months shooting at a church-run school in Nashville again put the issue back in the national spotlight. Discussion is simple to understand and very insightful. One example where conflict between secular and canon law occurred was in the English legal system, as well as systems, such as the U.S., that derived from it. The papacy disputed secular authority over priests' criminal offenses. Stay informed of current issues, changes in the law and how they may affect your organization by signing up for our email updates. Listen to the Church Law podcast to gain real life insights from a real lawyer who does this work everyday. Proof of innocence was accomplished by compurgation, in which several oath helpers would swear that they believed the oath was true. What does it have to do with a churchs legal liabilities?While the two questions may sound unconnected, they arent. Catholics who appear before a tribunal may consult canon lawyers, who are not usually secular lawyers. In an Era of Mass Shootings, a Call to PrepareNot Panic, by Matthew Branaugh10 Standards for Starting a Security Program, by Church Law & Tax Responding to Gun Violence Concerns at Churches, by Richard R. HammarWhy Domestic Violence in the Home Endangers Your Church, by Ruth MoonResponding to Threats, by Gisele Kalonzo-DouglasQ&A: How Should Churches Respond to Threatening Messages, by Frank SommervilleDownload your FREE copy of The Church Attorney Legal Audit System document checklist here.Questions? (Catholic tribunals make up the Church's own court system, which interprets canonical policy to resolve questions of church practice.) In English Law, the use of this mechanism, which by that point was a legal fiction used for first offenders, was abolished by the Criminal Law Act 1827. Courts and Canon Law - Cornell University At the 2023 SBC annual meeting here in New Orleans, Southern Baptist voting delegates, or messengers, upheld the ouster of Saddleback Church in Southern California and Fern Creek Baptist Church in . CONTACT Phone: 972.444.8777 Email: info@amlawteam.com Succession Plans: Why Your Church Needs One, by Erika E. Cole, attorneyThe Dangers of a Quiet Governance Change, by Erika E. Cole, attorneyThe Purpose Path: A Guide to Pursuing Your Authentic Lifes Work, by Nicholas PearceThe Church Attorneys Guide:Church Mergers, by Erika E. Cole, attorney https://www.erikacole.com/shop/p/the-church-attorneys-guide-to-church-mergersEpisode 14: The Rise and Fall of Mars Hill and What You Should Consider Before Changing Your Bylaws, with guest Mike CosperEpisode 23: Healthy Leaders, Healthy Churches, Reduced Legal LiabilityEpisode 24: Helping Pastors Get Financial Healthy, with guest Elaine Sommerville, CPAEpisode 25: Supporting and Strengthening Mental Health in Churches, with guest Dr. Pernessa C. SeeleEpisode 26: Building a Culture of Safety and Security in Churches, with guest Simon OsamohFaith Leaders Week, Northwestern Universitys Kellogg School of ManagementDownload your FREE copy of The Church Attorney Legal Audit System document checklist here.Questions? Scientology Sex Abuse Lawsuit: Church Members Prevented - Towleroad Divorced Catholics who have been denied an annulment can appeal as far as the Sacred Roman Rota, whose international membership is selected by the pope. Erika Cole - The Church Attorney Please email Erika Cole at contact@takethenextcall.com. Canon law comprises ordinances of general councils of the church, decrees, bulls and epistles of the Popes, and the scriptures and writings of the early fathers of the church. January 28, 2021 by Robert Louden International Legal Research Information about Church in free legal resources: Treaties & Agreements Church in US treaties. The ecclesiastical courts were generally more lenient. Hartmann, Wilfried & Kenneth Penningon, eds. Unpacking several topics church leaders routinely ask about. There are nearly 13,000 churches with over 3 million members in the U.S. and more than 69 million . The Book of Discipline contains the laws, rules, policies, and guidelines for The United Methodist Church. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churchyards). Resources | ChurchSalary | ChurchSalary These regulations are called canons and are codified in the Code of Canon Law (in Latin, Codex juris canonici). If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Podcasts | Church Law & Tax The dogmatic determinations of the Councils are to be applied rigorously since they are considered to be essential for the church's unity and the faithful preservation of the Gospel.[25]. Erika E. Cole, Esq., known as The Church Attorney, is the creator of The Church Attorney Legal Audit System, a proprietary legal audit process that helps church leaders be confident they are operating with integrity, and . A key email between an investigator and an archbishop falls outside the cleric-congregant privilege. Dustin Harker, a neurologist from Hutchinson, was on a whitewater rafting trip Friday with friends from church and four of his 13 children when the accident happened. For other types of religious law in Christianity, see, For the canon law of the Catholic Church, see, History, sources of law, and codifications, "In 1959, John XXIII, announced for the first time his decision to reform the existing corpus of canonical legislation". We welcome them! Whether you are a Dreamer, family member, spouse, exchange visitor, student, employee, employer, investor, or are seeking asylum, Church Green, eds. Consult Pastor, Church & Law to get answers about legal issues and responsibilities. Lead your ministry with confidence. Four Steps Needed For An Effective Church Meeting, Q&A: Correcting Improper FICA Withholdings, Clergy-Penitent Privilege Does Not Extend to Email in Sexual Harassment Case. Such lawyers (called "doctors" and "civilians") were centered at "Doctors Commons", a few streets south of St Paul's Cathedral in London, where they monopolized probate, matrimonial, and admiralty cases until their jurisdiction was removed to the common law courts in the mid-19th century. Any church's or religion's laws, rules, and regulations; more commonly, the written policies that guide the administration and religious ceremonies of the Roman Catholic Church. Dan Beirute is a Christian attorney who not only understands the church world but also unashamedly shares his clients Christian worldview. Essential knowledge to ensure legal and financial clarity and integrity in ministry. Browse by topic to find the answer you need to lead your ministry with confidence. Church Law & Tax | Christianity Today Although churches and other religious organizations are not thought of as businesses, they still need to think about employment legal matters. These include negligent selection, Each Lutheran national church establishes its own system of church order and discipline, though these are referred to as "canons". Church law is a crossword puzzle clue that we have spotted over 20 times. One major difference in Eastern Europe however, specifically in the Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, was in regards to divorce. Since the Reformation, ecclesiastical courts in England have been royal courts. Gain key insights into the critical components I used to build a Church law practice from the ground up. From the boardroom to the courtroom, our attorneys have the experience, knowledge and dedication to Prepare and Protect your organization, allowing you Peace of Mind. What we provide here is not legal advice, may not be current, and could change. Independent Contractor), Structuring and Compliance of Internship Programs, Formation of Independent Compensation Committees, Parsonage Allowance or Housing Allowance Documentation, Confidentiality Issues and the Clergy-Penitent Privilege, Implications of Self-Employment vs. [28] However, the Book of Concord is a confessional document (stating orthodox belief) rather than a book of ecclesiastical rules or discipline, like canon law. (AP Photo/Gregorio Borgia) Pope John Paul II released an apostolic letter in 1994 saying priestly ordination is reserved for men alone. The Catholic Church also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Holy See and the Latin Church: All of these church groups are in full communion with the Supreme Pontiff and are subject to the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. High-profile shootings at churchesamong them, New Life Church (Colorado Springs) in 2007, Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal (Charleston, South Carolina) in 2015, and First Baptist Church (Sutherland Springs, Texas) in 2017often draw renewed attention and discussion about church security. Canon law is not to be confused with professional canons, which are rules of conduct with no religious connection. Church Law PLLC is an immigration law firm based in Lexington, Kentucky. Editor's Note: In June of 2022, the US Supreme Court delivered a decision. Southern Baptists keep out Saddleback Church over women pastors - USA TODAY New laws, regulations, and court decisions create new complexities and legal liabilities. 2017: Became Equity Partner at law firm with 17 offices and 200 attorneys. It is the system of laws and ecclesiastical legal principles made and enforced by the hierarchical authorities of the Catholic Church to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church. Is a Merger the Right Next Step for Your Church? by attorney Erika C. ColeEpisode 23: Healthy Leaders, Healthy Churches, Reduced Legal LiabilityEpisode 17: Pastoral Accountability for Healthy ChurchesReframe Your Shame, by Irene RollinsDownload your FREE copy of The Church Attorney Legal Audit System document checklist here.Questions? [4], In the Catholic Church, canon law is the system of laws and legal principles made and enforced by the church's hierarchical authorities to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the church. Erika reads each comment and may answer your question in an upcoming episode.See all episodes of Church Law.The Church Law podcast is part of Christianity Todays ChurchLawAndTax.com, a not-for-profit publishing ministry.Erika E. Cole, Esq., known as The Church Attorney, is the creator of The Church Attorney Legal Audit System, a proprietary legal audit process that helps church leaders be confident they are operating with integrity, and avoiding costly risks. From Haiti's hell, Bishop Dumas appeals for urgent 'Marshall Plan' CNN . Featuring Vonna Laue and Matthew Branaugh. [citation needed], In the fourth century, the First Council of Nicaea (325) calls canons the disciplinary measures of the church: the term canon, , means in Greek, a rule. The editors encourage readers to carefully search the site for all content related to the topic of interest and consult qualified local counsel to verify the status of specific statutes, laws, regulations, and precedential court holdings. We welcome them! You'll gain key insights to help your church in this critical time, and learn the pitfalls to avoid. Dr. Seele helps define mental health and explains the ways churches can support the well-being of their leaders and congregants.Erika also offers some of the policies and procedures church leaders should embrace to ensure their congregations are ready to assist an individual when warning signs arise, and explains the cautions that should be exercised when it comes to counseling individuals dealing with mental health issues.She also includes time to discuss the dos and donts for creating a counseling ministry in your church.Episode 23: Healthy Leaders, Healthy Churches, Reduced Legal LiabilityEpisode 24: Helping Pastors Get Financial Healthy, with guest Elaine Sommerville, CPAWhat Pastors Need to Know About Mental Health, Ministry, and Liability, by Samuel OglesCounseling, by attorney and senior editor Richard R. HammarClergy-Penitent Privilege, by attorney and senior editor Richard R. HammarWhy Domestic Violence in the Home Endangers Your Church, by Ruth MoonDownload your FREE copy of The Church Attorney Legal Audit System document checklist at here.Questions? An inquest made up of twelve mena forerunner of royal courts' grand juriessaid under oath whether public suspicion existed. 2002. $59.95 Quantity: Add to Wish List Description Additional Information Find comprehensive help understanding United States tax laws as they relate to pastors and churches with Richard Hammar 's 2023 Church & Clergy Tax Guide. Over many years, Dan Beirute has been a great blessing to me and to our organization. Our firm is staffed with experienced professionals devoted to helping churches and other nonprofits establish themselves, operate smoothly, and push through the tough times when legal counsel is needed. What Churches Need to Understand about the Legal Limitations of Waivers and Release Forms Introducing Church Issuesan in-depth resource created to help church leaders gain clarity and direction on a specific topic that challenges religious freedoms or exposes a congregation to legal risk. Please contact Erika Cole at erikacole.com. Doe, Norman, "The Contribution of Common Principles of Canon to Ecclesial Communion in Anglicanism", Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia, Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law, Catholic Canonical jurisprudential theory, Canon law (Episcopal Church in the United States), "The Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles", "The Other 23 Catholic Churches and Why They Exist", "Apostolic Constitution Sacri Canones John Paul II 1990", https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P1.HTM, "The Canonical Tradition of the Orthodox Church", Codex canonum ecclesiarum orientalium (1990), "Code of canons of Oriental Churchs" (1990), 1983 Code of Canon Law - Notes, Commentary, Articles, Bibliography, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canon_law&oldid=1153790334.
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