I got up, I saw four or five students lying around the lot. They are the first oppressors." James Dennis Russell; 375ft (114m); hit in his right thigh from a bullet and grazed on his right forehead by either a bullet or birdshot; both wounds minor (wounded near the Memorial Gymnasium, away from most of the other students). In September 1970, twenty-four students and one faculty member, identified from photographs, were indicted on charges connected either with the May 4 demonstration or the one at the ROTC building fire three days before; they became known as the "Kent 25". There were 6 key events in the Kent State University protest shootings: President Nixon announced to the American public that US forces had invaded Cambodia on 30th April, 1970. Kent state protest Flashcards | Quizlet 3 sentenced to more than 100 years for killing an ex-Indiana University What were Kent State students reacting to by staging their 1970 antiwar protest? Students responded by making obscene gestures at the Jeep, singing protest songs, and chanting. Another student tried to pull him behind the car, bullets were coming through the windows of the car. Students were crying, they were screaming for ambulances. Another witness was Chrissie Hynde, a Kent State student who would become the lead singer of The Pretenders. In her 2015 autobiography she described what she saw: Then I heard the tatatatatatatatatat sound. We looked at them and they looked at us. [52] Shafer is mentioned in an FBI memo from November 15, 1973, which was prepared by the Cleveland Office and is referred to by Field Office file # 44-703. We've seen here at the city of Kent especially, probably the most vicious form of campus-oriented violence yet perpetrated by dissident groups they make definite plans of burning, destroying, and throwing rocks at police and at the National Guard and the Highway Patrol. However, this is only speculation and many people who witnessed the events of May 4th say there were no shots fired besides the guardsmen. In the President's Commission on Campus Unrest (pp. This event helped shift American sentiment about both the Vietnam War and the Anti-war movement. Jeffrey Glenn Miller and Allison B. Krause who were protesting in the movement. We are going to eradicate the problem. City officials and downtown businesses received threats, and rumors proliferated that radical revolutionaries were in Kent to destroy the city and university. Stuart Lutz / Gado / Getty. The protest began with the ringing of the campus's iron Victory Bell (which had historically been used to signal victories in football games) to mark the beginning of the rally, and the first protester began to speak. The Messed Up History Of The Kent State Massacre - Grunge [11], On April 10, 1970, Jerry Rubin, a leader of the Youth International Party (also known as the Yippies), spoke on campus. Four Students Were Killed in Ohio. America Was Never the Same. John R. Cleary; 110ft (34m); upper left chest wound. Another demand to disperse was made over the loudspeaker but only elicited more oppositional chanting. Meet our Admissions Team. Mayor Satrom, under pressure from frightened citizens, ordered a curfew until further notice. Each of the four memorials is located on the exact spot where the student fell, mortally wounded. Here they remained for about 10 minutes, unsure of how to get out of the area short of retracing their path: they had boxed themselves into a fenced-in corner. Nakeyah Shields received a 108-year sentence in the May 2020 shooting death of Chris Beaty in . '"[57], President Nixon and his administration's public reaction to the shootings was perceived by many in the anti-war movement as callous. The Ohio State Highway Patrol was called, and fifty-eight people were arrested. These debates further galvanized uncommitted opinions through the terms of the discourse. " followed two seconds later by a long, booming volley of gunshots. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, "These would be the first of many probes into what soon became known as the Kent State Massacre. In 2016, the site of the shootings was named as a National Historic Landmark. During the Kent State Massacre (also known as the Kent State Shootings,) 4 college students were killed and 9 others wounded when the Ohio National Guard fired shots into a crowd during an anti-war protest on campus grounds. KENT, Ohio (WOIO) - All Kent State students have been accounted for after an explosion today in the building that houses the Paris American Academy . [46] Several hundred students sat down in the Commons, demanding to know why the guardsmen opened fire. The expansion of the war into Cambodia angered those who believed it only exacerbated the conflict and violated a neutral nation's sovereignty. Around 8p.m., another rally was held on the campus Commons. Point! [44] Guardsmen that claimed they feared for their lives variously listed an assortment of reasons, including: that they were surrounded, that the crowd pursuing them was almost on top of them, that the protesters "charged" them or were advancing on them "in a threatening manner", that "the sky was black with stones", and that a sniper fired at them; some listed a combination of multiple such reasons, and some gave no explanation as to why they believed their lives were in danger. [48] The commander of the National Guard also warned faculty members that the students must disperse immediately. By Zach Mosca. There were thirteen casualties. Law enforcement finally brought the tent city to an end on July 12, 1977, after the forced removal and arrest of 193 people. Published: Jun. Kent State Contacting Students and Staff following Incident in Paris Kent State and Jackson State killings. Kent State Shooting of 1970 | Massacre, Protests & Summary - Study.com [74] Now known as The Center for Applied Conflict Management (CACM), it developed one of the earliest conflict resolution undergraduate degree programs in the United States. [62][63][64], Students from Kent State and other universities often got a hostile reaction upon returning home. President John F. Kennedy increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, sending 16,000 advisors in 1963, up from the 900 that President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent. Stanley Karnow noted in his Vietnam: A History that: "The [Nixon] administration initially reacted to this event with wanton insensitivity. Two weeks after that, Bill Arthrell, an SDS member and former student, distributed flyers to an event where he said he was going to napalm a dog. It was total, utter bullshit. [92] Shortly after the events, an inscription was added that recontextualized the work in such a way that some people associate it with the event. We deeply regret those events and are profoundly saddened by the deaths of four students and the wounding of nine others which resulted. On April 29, 1970, U.S. and South Vietnamese forces invaded eastern Cambodia in what they claimed was an attempt to defeat the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops based there. [citation needed] The entire Kent police force was called to duty, as well as officers from the county and surrounding communities. Request Information. The ROTC building, now nothing more than a few inches of charcoal, was surrounded by National Guardsmen. Nixon had been trailed by White House Deputy for Domestic Affairs Egil Krogh, who saw it differently, saying, "I thought it was a very significant and major effort to reach out. The Kent State shootings occurred on May 4, 1970. In all, at least 29 of the 77 guardsmen claimed to have fired their weapons, using an estimated 67 rounds of ammunition. Police eventually succeeded in using tear gas to disperse the crowd from downtown, forcing them to move several blocks back to the campus.[9]. The May 4 Shootings at Kent State University: The Search for Historical The guardsmen gave no verbal warning to the protesters before opening fire. Kent Mayor LeRoy Satrom declared a state of emergency, called the office of Ohio Governor Jim Rhodes to seek assistance, and ordered all of the bars to be closed. Four students were killed and nine were injured on May 4, 1970, when the Ohio National Guard fired on Kent State University students during a protest against the Vietnam War. [68] Five cases, all related to the burning of the ROTC building, went to trial: one non-student defendant was convicted on one charge, and two other non-students pleaded guilty. [17], There were reports that some Kent firemen and police officers were struck by rocks and other objects while attempting to extinguish the blaze. Schedule a Virtual Visit. Kent's police chief told the mayor that according to a reliable informant, the ROTC building, the local army recruiting station, and the post office had been targeted for destruction that night. I got real, real pissed off. Kent State University - Profile, Rankings and Data | US News Best Colleges At Kent State University, students may access a wide range of academic undergraduate and graduate programs on eight Kent State campuses located throughout Northeast Ohio. Kent State Massacre Flashcards | Quizlet They were all on one knee and pointing their rifles at us! "[44], The shooting enraged the crowd of protesting students,[45] with some of them preparing to attack the National Guard. A small group of protesters taunted the Guard from the Prentice Hall parking lot. Some people from the crowd lit a small bonfire in the street. 273274)[51] they mistakenly list Thomas V. Grace, who is Thomas Mark Grace's father, as the Thomas Grace injured. Marcus Anderson and Alijah Jones each were sentenced Wednesday to 164 years in prison. Colleges | Kent State University The shooting was determined to have lasted 13 seconds, although John Kifner reported in The New York Times that "it appeared to go on, as a solid volley, for perhaps a full minute or a little longer. [28], After repeatedly failing to disperse the crowd, a group of 96 National Guard troops from A Company and Company C, 145th Infantry, and Troop G, 107th Armored Cavalry, were ordered to advance. Read Edit View history Tools The Kent State shootings (also known as the May 4 massacre and the Kent State massacre [3] [4] [5]) resulted in the killing of four and wounding of nine unarmed college students by the Ohio National Guard, on the Kent State University campus. [44] Eleven of the 76 guardsmen at Taylor Hall claimed they were under sniper fire or some other sort of gunfire just before guardsmen began shooting. Students Allison Krause, 19, Jeffrey Glenn Miller, 20, and Sandra Lee Scheuer, 20, died on the scene, while William Knox Schroeder, 19, was pronounced dead at Robinson Memorial Hospital in nearby Ravenna shortly afterward. The federal court civil action for wrongful death and injury, brought by the victims and their families against Governor Rhodes, the President of Kent State, and the National Guardsmen, resulted in unanimous verdicts for all defendants on all claims after an eleven-week trial. We will update the university community when . National Geographic Channel: "How It Was: Death at Kent State," 2008. [45] Some faculty members, led by geology professor and faculty marshal Glenn Frank, pleaded with the students to leave the Commons to avoid any further escalation of the confrontation, with Frank telling the students:[46], I don't care whether you've never listened to anyone before in your lives. Photograph: Douglas Moore/AP Two students were shot and killed and 12 others were injured at the hands of the police. The Report of the President's Commission on Campus Unrest concluded that the shootings were "unnecessary, unwarranted, and inexcusable. Cambodia. five o'clock struck; school was dismissed, and all were gone into the refectory to tea. [76] On August 13, 1973, Indiana Senator Birch Bayh sent a memo to then-governor of Ohio John J. Gilligan suggesting that Norman may have fired the first shot, based on testimony Bayh received from guardsmen who claimed that a gunshot fired from the vicinity of the protesters instigated the Guard to open fire on the students. In her 1996 still/moving photographic project. In Kothagudem, a rally was taken out from KSM Engineering College . [113], In September 2016, Kent State University Libraries Department of Special Collections and Archives began a project, sponsored by a grant from the National Archives' National Historical Publications and Records Commission, to digitize materials related to the actions and reactions surrounding the shootings. Kent State Shootings - Northern Virginia Community College But in uniform. Days after the Kent State shooting, on May 15, there was a shooting at historically black Jackson State College in Mississippi during a protest against racism that students on campus were facing. Several seconds pass. This page was last edited on 14 June 2023, at 07:09. Each May 4 from 1971 to 1975, the Kent State University administration sponsored an official commemoration of the shootings. (Four deaths and nine wounded) True or False. . The Kent State campus remained closed for six weeks. The Guard was then ordered to regroup and move up the hill past Taylor Hall. I thought it was fireworks. Also in 2012, the FBI concluded the Strubbe tape was inconclusive because what has been described as pistol shots may have been slamming doors, and that voices heard were unintelligible. It was open season the students. Among them are Nick Saban, head coach of the Alabama Crimson Tide football team who was a freshman in 1970;[110] surviving student Tom Grace, who was shot in the foot;[111] Kent State faculty member Jerry Lewis;[112] photographer John Filo;[45] and others. May 4, 1970: Kent State Massacre - Zinn Education Project [46] Frank's son, who was present, said, "He absolutely saved my life and hundreds of others".[46][45].
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