Aug. 28, 2019) (citing Robinson v. Shell Oil Co., 519 U.S. 337 (1997), Jute v. Hamilton Sundstrand Corp., 420 F.3d 166 (2d Cir. If you are being sexually harassed, you can report it to the authorities at your job or school. Az elindulstl szmtott 7 naptri napon bell jelentkeznie kell Magyarorszgon a lakhelye szerint illetkes jrsi hivatal foglalkoztatsi osztlyn s be kell mutatnia az U2-es igazolst. Harassment at work can take many forms, including verbal or physical harassment, sexual favors, psychological, and emotional abuse, among others. Remember:This is not legal advice. First, establish a protocol for responding to requests for information regarding former employees, train all supervisors on the protocol, and insist they follow it, regardless of the circumstances underlying an employees departure. Akr cgenknt, akr llskeres oldalak felletn keresztl keresnek, a kzssgi portlokon s megoszt oldalakon jelentss vlt az llsok hirdetse s a szakemberek megtallsa rdekben posztolt anyag, ezrt ezeket is clszer hasznlni az llskeresshez: A kzszfrn belli kormnytisztviseli, kztisztviseli s kzalkalmazotti llsplyzati kirsok a. Emellett rdemes figyelni a tavaszi s szi idszakban megrendezsre kerl, fleg egyetemek s munkaerpiaci szereplk ltal szervezett llsbrzket (pl. Dedicated account support team, including Compliance Customer Success Managers and 247 technical support. Employees can file a complaint with the EEOC, either in person or by mail. 192 (C.A.2 (N.Y.), 2018) (Summary Order). Talking about money with your coworkers will help you figure out whether there is any pay discrimination going on. The law applies to employers with 15 or more employees, employment agencies, and I have been in a situation that I thought was already addressed but unfortunately it came back worse than never. Post employment victimisation | discrimination | employment law This may be on the employer's website. pedigaz llsplyzs sorn segtenek a foglalkozsokhoz kthet kompetencik, ismeretekfeltrkpezsben s szakszer lersban. Az llami foglalkoztatsi szervezet oldaln tjkozdhat az llskereskkel s elltsukkal kapcsolatos tudnivalkrl, tovbb orszgosan kereshet a bejelentett llsajnlatok kztt akr a Virtulis Munkaerpiac Portl (VMP) hasznlatval is. To embed, copy and paste the code into your website or blog: Your first step to building a free, personalized, morning email brief covering pertinent authors and topics on JD Supra: [Ongoing] Read Latest COVID-19 Guidance, All Aspects, [Hot Topic] Environmental, Social & Governance. 5 reviews Avvo Rating: 8.1 Employment / Labor Attorney in Sandy Hook, CT Reveal number Private message Posted on Mar 14, 2018 The postal union is not very effective for individuals. Magyar Posta Zrt. - 404-es hiba, az oldal nem tallhat! If you believe your employer did not properly handle your employees' complaints, contact the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which can conduct an impartial investigation. Maintain a safe, respectful, and inclusive workplace. Nothing on this website constitutes legal advice. Notably, however, human rights legislation is to be interpreted broadly to ensure the interpretation aligns with the purposes of human rights legislation. A bngszben gy tnik, nincs engedlyezve a JavaScript. The complainant worked at the United States Postal Service (USPS). Deliver integrations with leading LXP and LMS partners. EURES (European Employment Services - Eurpai Foglalkoztatsi Szolglat) Az EURES az unis tagorszgok, valamint Svjc s az EGT-orszgok foglalkoztatsi szolglataibl ll informcis s tancsad hlzata, ami a munkaer mobilitst a munkavllalk s a munkaadk szmra tbb mint 1000 kpzett tancsadval s az Eurpai Foglalkoztatsi Mobilits . is szervez, melynek segtsgvel a klfldn tartzkod magyar llampolgrok is tjkozdhatnak a hazai karrierlehetsgekrl s kapcsolatba lphetnek magyarorszgi vllalatokkal, s online felleten jelentkezhetnek a meghirdetett pozcikra. Victims of this type of harassment are more prone to have mental breakdowns, have low self-esteem, and be self-destructive. Preventing Sexual Harassment: Modern Approaches to Building a Safe and Inclusive Workspace. Az llskeresknt trtn nyilvntartsba vtel megllaptst kveten krelmezheti llskeressi ellts megllaptst. Mindazok az unis polgrok, akik lni kvnnak a munkavllalk szabad mozgsnak jogval s egy msik tagllamban kvnnak munkt keresni, letelepedni vagy pp szrmazsi orszgukba visszatrni, djmentesen ignybe vehetik az EURES szolgltatsait: informcinyjts s tancsads a clorszgban szabadon betlthet llshelyekrl, munkaerpiaci helyzetrl, let- s munkakrlmnyekrl, adminisztratv teendkrl, szocilis biztonsgrl. All Rights Reserved, ACAS guidance on replacement of discrimination questionnaire, High Court finds Ed Husains tweet about MCBs Miqdaad Versi was defamatory. Az llskeressi jradkkal kapcsolatos gyekben a. Az llskeressi jradk megllaptsnak felttele Magyarorszgon, hogy n llskeres, aki: munkt akar vllalni, de nll llskeresse nem vezetett eredmnyre, s a munkagyi szervezet sem tud megfelel munkt felajnlani. is there a connection between the protected ground and the adverse impact (was the protected ground a factor in the adverse treatment?)). Employee harassment in the workplace can take many forms. First, lets get one thing straight: No matter the nature of your business, your employees deserve to be respected and not exposed to sexual harassment, physical harassment, or verbal harassment of any kind while on the job. As such, it is plausible, with the purpose of the legislation in mind, that the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario carves out space for a similar course of action in the Ontario context for post-employment violations of human rights and/or harassment. In the Code harassment is defined as Harassment in employment as follows: (2) Every person who is an employee has a right to freedom from harassment in the workplace by the employer or agent of the employer or by another employee because of race, ancestry, place of origin, colour, ethnic origin, citizenship, creed, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, age, record of offences, marital status, family status or disability. Get mentorship with one-on-one and group coaching. Does the law protect against post-employment harassment? Second, when negotiating severance or a settlement, expressly discuss whether the individual is eligible for rehire and what information the employer will provide in response to reference requests and other inquiries about the individual (** be mindful of restrictions in your local jurisdiction and/or industry in Vermont, for example, including a no-rehire provision may invalidate a sexual harassment settlement). Recent Decision Highlights Risk Of Post-Employment Retaliation Claims This is when the unwanted behaviour is related to one of the following: age sex disability gender reassignment marriage and. True compliance means the ability to be flexible. Educate employees on laws, regulations, and expectations. If you have any evidence, such as screenshots, eyewitnesses, or text messages, consider presenting it. 2) If you do not feel comfortable confronting the harasser directly, or if the behavior does not stop, follow the steps below: Check to see if your employer has an anti-harassment policy. Sexual harassment can be perpetrated or perpetrated by anyone, regardless of gender. London E14 5DY. Bystander intervention can also be a helpful strategy if you witness sexual harassment. Homebase gives you modern tools and guidance to keep you compliant. Furthermore, they can consult with an attorney, or other third-party, who handles workplace harassment and discrimination issues. Europe, Montenegro. Explore a broad range of learning experiences. Then, tell them to talk to a manager or point of contact that handles human resources issues (if you have one). Its also important that your team knows how to respond if they fall victim to harassment. Retaliation includes such actions as firing or laying off, demoting, denying overtime or promotion, or reducing pay or hours. PDF Postal Service's Policy on Workplace Harassment - About.usps.com This fact sheet primary discusses prohibited conduct under federal law - that it, "actionable" harassment or hostile work environment for which people may file Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) complaints and seek "make-whole" relief. Anti-harassment training must be designed and delivered to affect change. Its usually best to discuss the issue face to faceespecially if the employee has a good relationship with the managerbut they should also follow up that in-person meeting with an email or something in writing. Take Precautions Against Online Harassment in Virtual Workplaces - SHRM Depression, PTSD, & Other Mental Health Conditions in the Workplace Psychological harassment is comparable to verbal harassment in that it is more subtle and involves methods such as withholding information. Employment Harassment: 5 Signs and 6 Steps To Report It - Impactly Karrier-fejlesztssel kapcsolatos nrtkel krdvek: Nemzeti Szakkpzsi- s Felnttkpzsi Hivatal: Minden ami felsoktats: www.felvi.huwww.felvi.hu/diploman_tulstudyinhungary.hu. The state, like many large employers, coded former employees based on the circumstances of their separation. 2005)). Request a reseller's training courses for internal use. Ehhez ignybe veheti a. s kzssgi oldalak (Facebook, LinkedIn stb.) Ehhez ignybe veheti a Nemzeti Foglalkoztatsi Szolglat (NFSZ), az Eurpai Foglalkoztatsi Szolglat (EURES), a magn munkaer-kzvett cgek s a hazai karrierportlok s kzssgi oldalak (Facebook, LinkedIn stb.) Ha gy rzi, hogy itthoni jbli elhelyezkedst s munkaerpiaci eslyeit javtan egy jabb szakkpests megszerzse, esetleg vltani szeretni s j terleten kiprblni magt, az albbi forrsokat rdemes ignybe vennie: Plyaorientcis krdvek, online karrier tancsok, plyabemutat filmek, foglalkozskeresk: https://palyaorientacio.nive.hu/. Making conditions of employment or advancement dependent on sexual favors, either explicitly or implicitly. Taking credit for others' accomplishments, making impossible demands, setting impossible deadlines on an employee, forcing someone to perform outside their job area, and so on are examples of psychological harassment.. Amennyiben n egy unis tagllamban jelenleg regisztrlt llskeres s llskeressi elltsban is rszesl, s Magyarorszgon szeretn folytatni az llskeresst, elbb krnie kell az illetkes hivataltl a msik tagllamban (jelen esetben Magyarorszgon) trtn munkakeresst engedlyez U2-es nyomtatvny killtst. Is post-employment harassment by an employer and former - Quora Workplace harassment, at its core, necessitates a diverse approach because it cannot be defined in a single, well-defined manner. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of sex, race and other grounds. A magyarorszgi regisztrcit kveten maximum hrom illetve az adott tagllam joga ltal meghatrozott felttelek teljestse esetn hat hnapon keresztl jogosult lesz a msik tagllamban megllaptott elltsra, amelyet tovbbra is az elltst megllapt orszg foglalkoztatsi szerve fog folystani. After Mr Jessemey pursued a claim for unfair dismissal and age discrimination against his former employer, he sought the help of an employment agency to find another job. Az az llskeres, aki elltst szeretne ignyelni Magyarorszgon, s dolgozott a munkanlkliv vlst megelzen valamelyik EU/EGT tagllamban, jogosult krni ezen munkaviszonynak beszmtst. Forcing a victim to perform sexual acts, such as oral sex or penetration of the perpetrators body. The Court of Appeal concluded that this interpretation was not inconsistent with a cardinal feature of the legislation. 2023 Pioneer Works, Inc. All Rights Reserved. However, this applicability of this case to the Ontario context, in particular the Human Rights Code (the Code) is doubtful as the basis of this determination was the interpretation of the CHRA provision. All rights reserved. A nagyvllalatok ltalban a cges portljukon bell nll karrier-oldalt mkdtetnek s ezen keresztl vrjk a jelltek szakmai nletrajzt a toborzsi adatbzisaikba. Leese's claim was bolstered by evidence that the agency deviated. This includes firing you, rejecting you for a job or promotion, or forcing you to take leave. Workplace harassment may or may not be accompanied by tangible evidence, but it cannot be denied. Someone who is subjected to such abuse and prejudice might keep track of the instances using screenshots, preserved e-mails, and other means. Magyarorszgon az llami foglalkoztatsi szervezet a, , jrsi (kerleti) hivatalok (jelenleg foglalkoztatsi osztlyok, korbbi nevkn munkagyi kzpontok kirendeltsgei) keretben mkdnek. Employment discrimination or harassment happens when adverse actions are taken against an applicant or an employee because of the individual's race, skin color, national origin, gender, disability, genetic information, pregnancy, religion, age, or relationship to another person.Groups of people who share some of these characteristics in common make up a protected class. Every business has a human resources department, which is responsible for assisting employees who are in distress. Sexual harassment generally violates civil lawsyou have a right to work or learn without being harassedbut in many cases is not a criminal act, while sexual assault usually refers to acts that are criminal. COVID-19 and the World of Work: Rapid Assessment of the Employment Az NFSZ elektronikus gyintzsi fellete, U1 munkaviszony igazols az utols munkavgzs tagllambl. She further alleged the USPS retaliated against her for prior EEO action from 2005-2006. Postal Service Policy on Workplace Harassment - About.usps.com Sexual harassment is a broad term, including many types of unwelcome verbal and physical sexual attention. Prevention Of Sexual Harassment At Workplace: Everything You Must Know, Discrimination Training Examples: 6 Common Types, Online Diversity Training: 6 Topics That Needs To Be Covered. What You Should Know: What to Do if you Believe you have been Harassed 11 Types of Workplace Harassment (and How to Stop Them) - Case IQ Az aktulis minimlbr sszegek s kzterhek Mi mennyi 2023-ban? But, every employee has the right to work in a safe environment free from harassment. The key is to share what they saw or heard with someone who has the power to do something about it. Retaliation, in the employment discrimination context, has a very specific meaning namely, subjecting an employee to one or more adverse employment actions because the employee engaged in protected activity. Frequently, retaliation occurs during the course of employment. . The case illustrates that employers should be mindful of the risks when supplying references for employees who have issued discrimination proceedings against them. Contact Form. A workplace harasser's main goal is to make their victims feel unsafe and uneasy. Mr. Duverger alleged that he was harassed by his supervisor on the basis of his disability and national or ethnic origin. Attempt a calm one-on-one dialogue with the harasser. Request a Demo Discriminatory Harassment All unlawful workplace harassment is discriminatory in nature. Magyarorszgon az llskeressi ellts megllaptsnak felttele, hogy llskeresknt nyilvntartsba vegyk. In Duverger v 2553-4330 Quebec Inc (Aeropro),2019 CHRT 18 the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal (the Tribunal) recently concluded that post-employment harassment was protected by the Canadian Human Rights Act (CHRA). Is your boss basing his or her assessment of your technological skills on your age? Workplace sexual harassment is a horrible crime that is more widespread than you might believe. Kormnyrendelet rtelmben a Magyarorszgon bejegyzett magn munkaer-kzvettk az llskeresktl szolgltatsaikrt nem krhetnek djazst. You can file with the EEOC or hire an attorney. Discrimination, harassment, and retaliation Learn about the federal and state laws that protect you from unfair and unwelcome treatment at work. California Department of Industrial Relations - Workplace Postings llskeressi jradk ignylse klfldn vgzett munka utn, Magyarorszgon az llskeressi ellts megllaptsnak felttele, hogy, . Harassment happens when people discriminate against women, racial and sexual minorities, individuals with disabilities, and immigrants. Effortlessly schedule and track your team's time with Homebase. As they have their own rules and agencies governing workplace behavior, assist your staff in contacting them. Interview several and pick one you like. The next step involves seeking backup from those who witnessed the harassment. transfer the employee to a less desirable position; engage in verbal or physical abuse; threaten to make, or actually make reports to authorities (such as reporting immigration status or contacting the police); increase scrutiny; spread false rumors, treat a family member negatively (for example, cancel a contract with the person's spouse); or What do I need to know about WORKPLACE HARASSMENT Your submission has been received! And federal law prohibits it. It was also stated that the UK would be in breach of its obligations under EU law if interpreted otherwise. Harassment or sexual assault will not be tolerated at . The parties eventually settled. An adverse action is an action which would dissuade a reasonable employee from raising a concern about a possible violation or engaging . Engedlyezze a parancsprogramokat, majd tltse be jra a lapot. "Harassment is harassment; you have to be able to take action" no matter who is perpetuating it. All rights reserved.|End User License Agreement|Privacy Policy|Accessibility|Sole Source|Parents, Harassment happens when people discriminate against women. If you're spoken to in a harsh or insulting tone, or if offensive jokes and comments are made around you, especially on protected class qualities like race, gender, religion, age, or sexual orientation, it's possible that you're being discriminated against. Although discrimination and harassment were deemed to be unlawful acts against former employees, it was acknowledged that victimisation was surrounded by ambiguity. Arrl, hogy pontosan milyen elltsban rszeslhet, milyen iratokat, dokumentumokat hozzon magval, az albbi oldalakon tjkozdhat: Melyik illetkes hivatalhoz, hatsghoz kell majd fordulnia felvilgostsrt? Title VII is enforced by the U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Civil harassment suits are very common in the following cases: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects employees discrimination in the workplace. Privacy Policy. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), Sexual Exploitation by Helping Professionals. What can I do when harassment at work keeps repeating? The conduct is severe enough to create a working environment that a reasonable person would consider intimidating, hostile, or offensive. If your employee complains about harassment, and you see that the harasser is in a leadership position, bring the matter to HR's attention if you cannot address the situation with the harasser. So what exactly constitutes harassment? But, unlike verbal or physical harassment, discriminatory harassment is defined by its intentions instead of how it's carried out. These could be symptoms of job age discrimination. Attorney Advertising. The Policy on Workplace Harassment covers: The Postal Service's commitment to providing a work environment free of harassment. Youll also have access to our robust HR library, on-demand trainings, and help with creating new guidelines for your business. The following is an overview of some other types of harassment that may occur in the workplace or elsewhere. California law prohibits workplace discrimination and harassment: The latest information can be obtained from the Department of Fair Employment and Housing (DFEH), 1 (800) 884-1684, Reference notice DFEH-E07P-ENG. A nagyvllalatok ltalban a cges portljukon bell nll karrier-oldalt mkdtetnek s ezen keresztl vrjk a jelltek szakmai nletrajzt a toborzsi adatbzisaikba. Some harassments can be downplayed as jokes by perpetrators who do not intend to cause bodily injury; in such circumstances, identifying physical harassment becomes difficult. Did the alleged harassment have an adverse impact? what can I do when harassment at work keeps repeating? : budapest - Reddit The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) defines workplace harassment as "unwelcome verbal or physical behavior that is based on race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), gender/gender identity, nationality, age (40 or older), physical or mental disability, or genetic (including family medical history)." If one of your employees witnesses either an isolated incident or an ongoing instance of verbal or physical harassment, they should first document it. A kzszfrn belli kormnytisztviseli, kztisztviseli s kzalkalmazotti llsplyzati kirsok a Kzszolglati llsportlon rhetek el. Find custom learning programs that transform your team, from tech skills to leadership prep. But what about retaliation after the employee has left the employer? Leese was assigned an unusual code, voluntary resignation contact former agency. Inquiries regarding Leese were directed to the agencys general counsel, who responded by stating, I can make no comment regarding Ms. Leeses separation. Leese presented evidence to suggest the code and response were atypical and that they raised a red flag which took her out of the running for various positions. When an individual or group of employees feels intimidated or belittled by their coworkers, this is known as workplace harassment. It is illegal for an employer to discriminate against you simply because you have a mental health condition. Want to learn more about Homebase? Grow leaders at every level with customized steps. Verbal harassment of a sexual nature, including jokes referring to sexual acts or sexual orientation. To prove retaliation - whether post-employment or otherwise - a plaintiff must link her protected activity to an adverse action. Who Must Post. Unfair criticism or disciplinary action taken against you, especially from a supervisor, might be a symptom of prejudice. Only one in five U.S. workers lives in a state where sexual harassment training courses are mandatory. The case is to be remitted to the Employment Tribunal for the assessment of compensation. Do not internalize the abuse, because that will make it seem that the abuse is happening all over again. Many of the country's major organizations have relied on our award-winning instructional writers and designers to develop training. Time and again, women are having to go to court to protect themselves against trans activists. NORTH MACEDONIA. This way, theres proof that the issue was discussed and brought to managements attention. harassment (s: aggravation, vexation) 1) If you feel comfortable doing so, tell the person who is harassing you to stop. When Is Sexual Harassment Training Required? She alleged that the USPS has subjected her to disability discrimination and harassment. Employee harassment: 3 things you need to know | Homebase So what exactly constitutes harassment? Akr cgenknt, akr llskeres oldalak felletn keresztl keresnek, a kzssgi portlokon s megoszt oldalakon jelentss vlt az llsok hirdetse s a szakemberek megtallsa rdekben posztolt anyag, ezrt ezeket is clszer hasznlni az llskeresshez: Facebook, LinkedIn, Youtube csatornk. A 2014 report by RocUnited, an. It offers six policy options for the country for supporting enterprises, jobs and incomes during the reactivation phase. Cherie Leese complained of sexual harassment while employed by a state agency. Make employee safety a mindset with compliance courses. Magyarorszgi llskeresshez a Nemzeti Foglalkoztatsi Szolglat gyfl-tjkoztatst is ignybe veheti, amely segtsgvel informcit szerezhet azokrl a munkaerpiaci eszkzkrl, amelyek segtenek karriercljai elrsben. Prior results do not guarantee or suggest a similar outcome. OEP igazolvny (rzsaszn TB kisknyv). It should clearly communicate to employees that unwelcome harassing conduct will not be tolerated, and how to make it stop. Pospis Law, PLLC Unfortunately, workplace harassment is still a significant, and sometimes frequent, occurrence in the workplace. Something went wrong while submitting the form. In the Ontario context, the interpretation of this section would seem to require a complainant to be an employee subjected to harassing behaviours in the workplace. Looking for ways to stay up to date on employment laws and small business news? 305 Broadway, 7th Floor The employee should file a claim with a manager. Nem tallja, amit keresett? Klfldrl hazatrse utn, ha llskeressi jradkot szeretne kapni, a magyarorszgi lak- vagy tartzkodsi helye szerint illetkes jrsi hivatal, nyjthat be krelmet. Credit: YouTube. Viewing, accessing, or using this website (including but not limited to the Blog and/or Contact Form) does not create an attorney-client relationship between you and Pospis Law, PLLC. With free employee scheduling, time tracking, and team communication,managers and employees can spend less time on paperwork and more time on growing their business. Canada Square, Offensive jokes, bullying, slurs, epithets, physical attacks, intimidation, ridicule, insults, offensive objects or photos, and interference with work performance are all examples of harassment. Elkpzelhet, hogy egy vdett bngszbl ksrli meg elrni ezt a webhelyet a kiszolgln. Regions and countries covered: Understanding Different Types of Harassment - FindLaw Covers sexual harassment training mandates federally, as well as in California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maine, and New York. It was further held that it was clear that the draftsmen of the legislation intended to include victimisation to apply to post-employment and that its apparent exclusion was clearly a drafting error, as its purpose was to re-state existing protections against discrimination (including victimisation). Amennyiben a tvozskor az ellts 3 hnapnl rvidebb ideig lenne folysthat, akkor az elltst csak a fennmarad idre folystja a foglalkoztatsi szerv. Find help and the resources you need. Discrimination might even begin during the interview process. Below are some of the steps you can take if you see someone being sexually harassedjust remember to C.A.R.E., and of course, keep your own safety in mind at all times. Harassment Training: Workplace Harassment Training | Skillsoft Harassment | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Next, they should reach out to the victim and inform them that they witnessed the incident and would like to report it. Harassment becomes unlawful where 1) enduring the offensive conduct becomes a condition of continued employment, or 2) the conduct is severe or pervasive enough to create a work environment that a reasonable person would consider intimidating, hostile, or abusive. Explore anti-harassment training for a safe and inclusive workplace. #realtalk Blog > Stay compliant > Employee harassment:. Develop and build leadership programs and leaders, Mitigate risk and create a safer workplace, Get help finding a learning strategy that fits. With free employee scheduling, time tracking, andteam communication,managers and employees can spend less time on paperwork and more time on growing their business. Ennek felttele, hogy ezt megelzen legalbb 4 hten keresztl az llskeressi elltst folyst orszg foglalkoztatsi szolglatnak rendelkezsre lljon. Minding Employee Behavior Off the Clock and Off the Premises - SHRM Munkanlkli ellts megllaptshoz szksges unis dokumentumok. Klfldrl hazatrse utn, ha llskeressi jradkot szeretne kapni, a magyarorszgi lak- vagy tartzkodsi helye szerint illetkes jrsi hivatal foglalkoztatsi osztlyn nyjthat be krelmet.
Cherokee County Sales Tax Rate,
Dawson Precision Glock Sights,
Helmut Schmidt Israel,
Articles P
